The odd misconceptions in science

The scientific history of humankind marks many mistakes. It took a long time for new misconceptions to be realized. However, these mistakes have become the premise for later scientific development achievements.

Surprise with weird misconceptions in the history of scientific research

"Soi" the skull to identify personality

In the nineteenth century there was a very popular scientific theory, that of the skull general . Accordingly, one can detect the intellectual and personality abilities of humans through the shape of the skull along with its tumors, muscles and abnormalities.

In 1809, the creator of this theory, Franz Joseph Gall , established a brain map, clearly positioned 27 brain functions such as pride, kindness, love, computational aptitude, hobby. power, aptitude for simulations, murder tendencies .

Parts of the brain have been "planned" and named according to human characteristics.

The scientific community is very interested in this theory, while the public is frantic. People raced to open a series of offices to practice skull generalization, to measure the brain to assess the characteristics or abilities of the object.

At that time, Gall was considered one of the most famous anatomists, who pioneered in noting that the brain contained specialized organs, correctly positioned and capable of responding. with different mental functions. According to him, each organ creates some pressure on the skull and prints marks on it.

Today, it is easy to recognize Gall's mistake because it is impossible to assess the capacity of a person based on the skull. But on the other hand, it is necessary to note his merits in determining that each region of our brain is involved in a specific function of the body.

Sperm of . ladies

In the middle of the 18th century, a long-standing dispute took place over 100 years between "micro-animals" and "egg " sects. Accordingly, the "micro-animal" faction claims that the micro-animals that are wiggling in semen are microscopic embryos that belong to the donor only and need to be confined for a while in the mother's abdomen to develop.

And " egg " is the opposite policy. According to them, the fetus first formed in the mother's egg and rose under the influence of semen to grow.

Because seeing sperm in a bitch, Georges Louis Lectere thinks that sperm is a genetic factor that both males and females have the same.

It is clear that both sexes cannot explain why babies are born like their parents. Therefore, the ball is in the courtyard of the epistemists , including Georges Louis Lectere.

For them, the child is a product of the common parents, stemming from a mixture of father's semen and mother's semen. What Lectere calls female semen is not an egg, but an ovary secretion, similar to the male semen.

Using a microscope, Lectere discovered a cluster of sperm in the abdomen of a bitch in the period of sexual abstinence, which he described as " those with tailed movements" and thought it could only be sperms. female coincidence. Therefore, he came to a conclusion: Sperm is present in both the body of men and women !

Strictly speaking, since then, Buffton has grasped the elements of an accurate answer, but wait a century and a half later, the German anatomist, Oskar Hertwig, finds out the truth: Enlightenment sperm is a combination of an egg and a sperm.

The rabies vaccine is a double-edged sword

One day in July 1885, 9-year-old Joseph Meister's mother was completely in despair. Her son was bitten with a rabid dog. She rushed to the Pasteur house and begged him to save Meister's life.

At that time, the scientist was successful in about 50 trials of rabies vaccine in dogs. But for humans is another story. Before the critical situation, he decided to experiment for the first time with this 9-year-old boy. Luckily, Pasteur succeeded. And they knew that, because they could not isolate the rabies virus (a virus that cannot be seen through a microscope at the time), Pasteur had to inject the spinal cord of rabid rabbits to prepare the vaccine.

Even when he died, the Pasteur scientist did not recognize the rabies vaccine he had created as a dangerous blade for human life.

The French Academy of Sciences warmly praised him and soon, the whole world shook about this. Pasteur Institute was inaugurated in 1888, performing free rabies vaccination for tens of thousands of people.

Since the Pasteur Institute was founded, all over France, deaths from rabies have declined. However, there have been many deaths since a mysterious disease related to the immune system.

At that time, there was no doctor or biologist of the same period with Pasteur realizing that, in addition to the excellent performance, rabies vaccine could cause complications. No one doubts that those deaths from the mysterious disease are related to rabies shots.

Consequently, many months after vaccination, some people do not die from rabies and die from Landry syndrome , a serious disease of the immune system caused by rabbit's spinal cord. Pasteur died before this sadness was discovered, so he did not know that his rabies vaccine, despite saving many lives, also killed him.

Until 1932, the new Landry syndrome was clarified by researchers at the Pasteur Institute.