The smallest tree species in the world

As a way to adapt to the harsh Arctic environment, dwarf willow trees grow only 1 - 6cm tall to avoid cold winds.

BBC host Nellie Nilsen holds a dwarf willow tree in her hand.(Photo: BBC Earth).

Along the North Atlantic coast, there is a "tiny forest" all year round surrounded by arctic winds. It is so small that you can crush everything under your feet without even realizing it exists there.

With a height of only 1 - 6 cm, the dwarf willow tree (Salix herbacea) is recognized as the smallest tree species in the world . They are located close to the ground to avoid cold winds, while growing broad leaves to make the most of sunlight.

The dwarf willow leaves are usually green, shiny, round and from 0.3 to 2.2 cm long. Like other species in the Willow family, they are dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants. While female flowers are red, male flowers are yellow.

Female flowers of dwarf willow trees.(Photo: Svalbard Flora).

This small tree species is highly adaptable to many living conditions. They thrive in tundra and moorland rocks at elevations greater than 1,500 meters but can also live at altitudes below sea level.