What do you know about the prestigious Nobel prize?

We often hear about the Nobel Prize, a noble award for great scientific inventions. The not many people know, behind this award is a complicated life story.

Nobel life

Alfred Bernhard Nobel (1833 - 1896) was a talented chemist, the inventor of dynamite. As the third son of Imanuel Nobel scientist, he was very gifted in his childhood in the field of science and technology and often with his father and his brothers studied gunpowder and torpedoes.

Twenty years old, Nobel began to study nitroglycerin explosives - an explosive that was invented in 1846 but because it could not control and use it safely, there was no practical application. After three years of research, he found a way to control it and produce a safe explosive called Dynamite.

Years later, Nobel founded an explosive company. Serving usefully for life (breaking mountains, digging canals .), and at the same time of the war, Nobel's company floated like a wind. As a business-minded man, he opened his factory in many countries, developing a wide market of explosives. Before that, he had 300 patents with copyright registration. Nobel became a millionaire at that time with a wealth of more than $ 500 million. At that time, he was dubbed the "death dealer" because his explosives were applied to wars with countless deaths.

The birth of the prize

Nobel, a talented chemist, a talented businessman, a lifetime (63 years) is not married (although there is time to have a relationship with several people). One more thing, because people consider him a "death dealer " and he also realizes the consequences of his scientific inventions when they are applied to the war.

Perhaps, the above reasons gave Nobel a decision that no one expected!

On December 10, 1896, after the sudden death of the Nobel, the will was published in the amazement of everyone (especially those close to Nobel) when he devoted most of his wealth to science. This great value asset is equivalent to Coron 33.2 million, equivalent to 1.4 billion francs (1987). The following is the will for the NOBEL award:

'I am the undersigned, Alfred Bernhard Nobel declares the careful consideration of my will on property matters when I die as follows:

Most of that money will be invested by my executors in the safest way and will become a capital that annual income will be used to make awards for those of the year Previously there were the greatest contributions to the benefit of mankind.

The income will be divided into 5 equal parts and distributed in the following way:

- A part will give the person who has the most important discovery or improvement in the field of physics.

- A part will be for those who have the most outstanding discoveries or improvements in chemistry.

- One part will be for people with the most important discoveries in physiology and medicine.

- A part will be for people whose work is most meaningful in the field of literature.

And the last part will be for the greatest or best contributor to the friendship between nations, nations, for the cancellation or reduction of permanent troops, for the assembly and organization of associations. Peace Conference.

Awards for Physics and Chemistry will be awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences. The Biological and Medical Awards presented by the Caroline Institute in Stockholm, and the Peace Prize will be nominated by a committee of five members nominated by the Norwegian Parliament.

My desperate wish is that there will be no discrimination of citizenship in awarding, and the person who deserves the most to receive the prize may or may not be of Northern European origin.

Paris, November 27, 1895.

Alfred Nobel '

And the prestigious Nobel prize starts here. The NOBEL award was awarded beginning in 1901. So far, more than 750 NOBEL awards have been given to scientists and writers who work peacefully for the world. The awardees are not only an honor for the individual but also bring glory to their country. This is the largest scientific award in the world that promotes the scientific development of mankind.

Nobel prize structure

Reward for each prize consists of two parts:

A degree with a Nobel medal.

One item of money (varies depending on the interest of the Nobel Fund). According to Nobel calculations, in the early years, each prize was equivalent to a 15-year salary of a university professor. In 1948, each prize was worth $ 32,000. In 1980, US $ 210,000. The late 1990s was 1 million USD. And this year is 1.36 million.

Why is there no mathematical nobel prize?

A question posed by scientists has long revolved around this prestigious award. There are many explanations.

According to rumors, Nobel decided not to set up the Nobel Prize for Mathematics because a woman - lover or fiancée - gave up on him to follow a famous mathematician Gosta Mittag Leffler. There is no evidence to support this.

Another theory is that without the mathematical prize by Nobel, mathematics is a means for other natural sciences rather than directly creating applied products such as physics, chemistry, biology or work. immediate action to the spirit and human health like medicine and literature.

The real reason behind this issue is not clear. One thing is that, to replace this shortage, there is an equivalent mathematical prize for the Nobel prize, the Fields prize. This is also the prize that our professor Ngo Bao Chau has achieved.

Nobel, a scientist and a businessman, has left to mankind today a message of the true purpose of science: 'to serve humanity' . He initiated the most prestigious scientific award, the source of encouragement and aspiration of all scientific researchers in the world.