What is the Big Bang explosion?

What is the universe? A great question has been asked before mankind for centuries. In ancient China, the philosopher Lao Tzu gave the universe an "infinite, infinite, infinite, infinite" existence. But by the 20th century, with the accumulation of knowledge of micro physics and astrophysics, allowing a new doctrine was born, argued that the universe had a starting point for formation. It was Big Bang.

So Big Bang is the first explosion from which to simultaneously generate space, energy and material to create the current pillar. For a long time, this theory is considered a metaphysical theory but the recent achievements of particle physics and the results of observing the largest astronomical structures have provided a scenario consistent with structure. The structure and gradual complexity of matter in the heart of the universe are increasingly widely acknowledged.

Under this scenario, starting the original cosmic universe is just an extremely dense and hot ocean (this is still an acknowledgment). Then the Big Bang big explosion happened, from which the whole of the later events began.

Imaginary image of the Big Bang.

The original universe is just a "dense" of quarks and electrons moving in a direction close to the speed of light. Depending on the non-stop collisions, some particles cancel each other, others are born. In the first phase, that "porridge" consists of quantum objects with charges, quarks and antiquarks. That "porridge" is rich in light particles and antiparticles called leptons (electrons, neutrons and their antiparticles).

A millionth of a second after the Big Bang, the temperature dropped to 10,000 billion Kenvin (often referred to as K degree. In terms of value, O degree K was -273.16 degrees C), at this time the first heavy particles appeared. (protons and neutrons) thanks to quarks combined. Then the leptons proliferate very quickly, in turn taking the first place in the universe. But expanding, the universe cooled down. When the temperature drops to 10 billion K, protons and neutrons begin to work together to form deuterium. At that time the cosmic clock was only 1 second, but the energy of the photons was still large enough to quickly break that first nucleus. Three minutes later, when the temperature dropped to 1 million degrees K, the new photon could no longer break down nuclear links.

At that time, there was a strong nuclear activity in the universe that led to the formation of light atomic nuclei such as deuterium, helium 3, lithium 7 and helium 4 . 15 minutes after the Big Bang, nuclear synthesis At first it ended, the temperature dropped too low, not enough to guarantee a nuclear reaction.

Matter, light and other types of radiation are far thinner and thinner as the universe expands.

300,000 years later, the universe cooled below 3000 degrees K and became transparent, electrons did not move as fast as before. The nuclei can hold electrons, form atoms, create the "building bricks" of the universe. Because the interaction between photons and atoms is so small they can spread freely.

Matter, light and other types of radiation are far thinner and thinner as the universe expands. Billions of years later, giant gas clouds began to disperse. Each cloud becomes a galaxy already under the action of gravity forming star clusters, stars while the universe continues to expand.

The "interesting" scenario of the Big Bang was later supported by 3 examples of astrophysics:

1. First , in 1929, Hubble demonstrated a systematic shift in the spectrum of galaxies towards red, indicating that they were far away from us at a rate proportional to their distance. me. It is a sign that the universe is expanding and the space in which galaxies move is also expanding over time.
2. Secondly , in 1965, Penzias and Wilson (USA) discovered: radiofrequency radiation exhibits similar properties in all directions and corresponds to the thermal radiation of a black body at a temperature of about 3 degrees K. This In accordance with the assumption of the Big Bang explosion: radiation is the message of the oldest light from the early universe. These were the first photons to begin to spread freely after the universe became transparent and light shifted toward large wavelengths.
3. Third , since the 1970s, scientists have discovered many light elements such as deuterium, helium 3, helium 4 and lithium 7 in the universe, especially helium 4, which accounts for 25% regardless of the region of space, It is assumed that helium is the gas produced in the first moments of the Big Bang.

Since the 1980s, with the development of Nuclear Physics and Theoretical Physics associated with it, one can explain the two remaining "confusing" things of Big Bang as the absence of antimatter and not exists the curvature of the universe at large scales.

According to the time scale, the final boundary of current knowledge is at about 10-43 seconds after the Big Bang.

However, the zero point, from which everything started, is clear to scientists still a . dream because it is extremely difficult to make a hypothesis, even many people think " too much " of human knowledge. That was the moment when the original furnace had a temperature of 1032 K (ie 100,000 billion billion VND), how would matter evolve? According to the time scale, the final boundary of current knowledge is at about 10-43 seconds after the Big Bang. That was the time of Planck . That point can only be studied when a genius scientist gives a theory of quantum gravity.

That mysterious moment 0 is now known as "initial singularity" by scientists to hide their embarrassment. Perhaps temporarily rely on religious beliefs?

This is an academic story with a deep professional content. Can only explain such a "simple" way.

Hopefully with universal knowledge, we can still understand what Big Bang is and how it is later to create our universe.