Bladder bladder

The bladder is an empty organ that contains urine in the sub-frame of the peritoneum . When the urine is full, the bladder has a spherical shape, which is about 250 to 350 ml in adults. The association of bladder wall has many collagen structure, high elasticity, so in special cases, it can increase the capacity up to 300% compared to normal.

Bladder images of a patient with tumors
(Photo: nieukhoa)

When the bladder has a volume of about 350 ml, the bladder wall pressure is about 10 mmHg, causing a feeling of urination; over 400ml, the feeling is very good and up to 600 ml the pain is unbearable.

Bladder urination is governed by a neurological center that controls urination in the spinal cord S2 - S4, cerebellum and cortex. In adults, stretching bladder causes a feeling of sad urination. This feeling is controlled at will from the cortex. When urination is not available, the cortex inhibits wire reflexes with S2-S4. In contrast, urinary reflexes are transmitted from the cortex of the sensory cortex to stimulate the reflex activity of the cord through the motor in the S2-S4, causing the bladder to contract and push the urine out.

Bladder rupture is a surgical emergency, if not detected and timely surgery will lead to peritonitis, inflammation of the urinary tract, pelvic inflammatory disease, retroperitoneal fibrosis, possibly even fatal due to shock . Most patients come to the medical facility late, the course of the disease becomes complicated.

Early diagnosis of bladder rupture is often difficult, especially in the peritoneal bladder rupture. Clinical conditions have sudden abdominal pain in the lower abdomen, bloody urine . Ultrasound has an intra-peritoneal fluid or peritoneal fluid, small bladder volume, can find bladder rupture lines. Upstream bladder imaging shows that the dye that exits the bladder allows an accurate diagnosis of bladder rupture.

Spontaneous bladder rupture manifestations:

Rupture due to birth defects or other diseases of the bladder

Some birth defects and pathologies cause weak bladder wall condition, reduce elasticity, small capacity. The amount of urine in the bladder increases more than usual, which can cause rupture in pathological locations.

Malformations and pathologies include: Bladder excess, bladder, septal bladder, bladder irregularity, dysplasia or bladder dysplasia, larger than normal bladder, chronic cystitis .

Broken due to alcohol abuse

Spontaneous bladder rupture due to alcohol abuse is a rare disease. High blood alcohol concentration inhibited the cerebral cortex and some neurological centers to control urination, causing disturbance of consciousness, so alcoholic drinkers do not feel sad to urinate, making bladder volume increase too threshold allow. The final consequence is that the bladder is broken.

Most cases of bladder rupture are spontaneous due to the late arrival of alcohol in the hospital, so diagnosis and management are very difficult.

Bladder rupture caused by mental disorders

In patients with mental disorders, patients who do not feel sad to urinate or self-presumptive are not allowed to urinate. This is also the cause of spontaneous bladder rupture.

Rupture due to cerebral vascular accident, cranial trauma and spinal cord injury

Damage to brain tissue such as infarction, haemorrhage, trauma, especially in the cerebellar area, is easy to cause bladder rupture without previous urinary catheter placement. The reason is that the urinary control center in the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum is incapable of commanding urination reflexes, causing bladder capacity to increase and rupture.

Spinal cord injuries can also cause spontaneous bladder rupture, due to loss or inhibition of the reflex arc from the spinal cord to the brain and vice versa.