Definition of new sea
The marine scientific community around the world has adopted a new definition of known water developed by Australian, German and US scientists to increase the accuracy of climate predictions.
The marine scientific community around the world has adopted a new definition of known water developed by Australian, German and US scientists to increase the accuracy of climate predictions.
In June 2009 in Paris, the General Meeting of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) adopted the case of introducing the international thermodynamic definition of seawater, which is defined based on a degree variable. New face called Absolute Salinity.
The scientist of CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship, Dr. Trevor McDougall, presented this case in his presentation at the Paris meeting.
Dr. McDougall said: 'Scientists will have an accurate unit of measurement of sea thermal components for use in marine models and climate prediction'.
'Changes in salinity and heat affect sea currents and measuring those changes is important in determining the role of the sea in climate change. New values of salinity, solidity and heat will be widely used within the next 18 months'.
Marine scientists have been searching for 'magic formulas' to measure salinity - different depending on the waters and depending on the tropical, temperate and polar regions - for more than 150 years.
Dr. McDougall explains: 'Salinity and temperature variation is responsible for directing deep ocean currents and vertical reverse currents of the ocean. These currents transmit heat to the Arctic and Antarctic regions'.
Not changed since the last evaluation 30 years ago, the case of considering thermodynamic measurements began in 2005 when the Marine Research Council (SCOR) established a research team, due to Dr. McDougall directed. Supporting him was Dr. Rainer Feistel of Leibniz-Institut für Ostseeforschung at Warnemünde (Germany), Dr. Frank Millero of Rosenstiel Marine and Atmospheric Science School at Miai University, Florida, Dr. Dan Wright of the Institute of Oceanography Bedford, Canada, and Dr. David Jackett of CSIRO.
Salinity, including salt washed from rock, is determined using the conductivity of seawater - a technique that assumes that salt content in seawater is the same in all oceans in the world.
Dr. McDougall said: 'The new method, including absolute salinity, takes into account changes in sea salt composition among different sea basins. This method increases accuracy when measuring salinity in seawater '.
Until the new definition of seawater is widely accepted, marine models will continue to assume that the thermal composition of seawater corresponds to the only temperature variable called 'potential temperature'.
Dr. McDougall commented: 'The new definition allows scientists to calculate possible errors by using approximation while still providing more accurate measurements of the thermal composition of seawater. '
'The difference is usually less than 1 degree Celsius at the sea surface, but it is still important to correct those errors in sea models.'
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