Golden bridge - 'defending champion' antibiotic resistance

In 1878, Robert Koch (who discovered the TB bacterium) discovered golden staph from pustules and isolated were golden staph.

Staphylococcus has 3 types: Staphylococcus, staphylococcus and staphylococcus aureus, in which staphylococcus aureus causes the most diseases: Skin infections (folliculitis, pimples, abscesses under the skin causing pain pain, fever, swelling, redness of a skin area; Maternal mastitis during lactation; pneumonia; pneumonia - pleura; lung cancer; meningitis; food poisoning and intestinal inflammation; causes blistering and blistering syndrome in children; Toxic shock syndrome in women with menstruation and people with wound infection; osteomyelitis, myocarditis; Endocarditis ., are acute, severe diseases that can be fatal; The most severe is a fatal septicemia due to multiple organ failure, if not diagnosed and treated promptly.

Staphylococcus aureus usually comes from a certain infection on the body (abscesses, pimples, headaches or infected wounds, wounds, burns, infections after abortion, leftover vegetables postpartum - often called postpartum fever .). About 25 - 30% of people carry staphylococcus aureus in the skin, nose and throat. When the skin or respiratory tract is damaged or the body is weak, a staphylococcus aureus invades tissue or blood causing disease or causing airway disease.

In addition, it is caused by staphylococcus aureus from the environment invading the body through injuries, because it has been found everywhere in nature. Staphylococcus aureus secretes many types of toxins, such as the type of membrane damage that breaks up red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets; destroying the basic substance of tissue causing bacteria to spread; enterotoxin (enterotoxin); purulent toxin; toxin destroys the epidermis (causing blistering, sores).

Staphylococcus aureus is quite stable to heat : temperature of 100 degrees C for 15 minutes has not been destroyed. Therefore, the food is cooked, although the staphylococcus dies, the toxin still exists. To completely eliminate the golden staph toxin, must boil continuously for at least 2 hours.

Foods most susceptible to gold staph are eggs, cattle, poultry (chicken), tuna, salad, potatoes, ice cream pies and dairy products .

The incubation period when eating food has very short staphylococcus, ranging from 1 to 6 hours, an average of 3 hours. Golden Staphylococcus does not cause epidemics, but there are often food poisoning cases for many people.

Foods most susceptible to gold staph are eggs, cattle and poultry meat .

Causing many serious illnesses but golden staph can be resistant to many antibiotics, including very strong antibiotics of the new generation.

Beginning, from the 60s of the last century, people discovered golden staphylococcus resistant to Penicillin antibiotics, then Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Oxacillin . and the situation of golden staphylococcus resistant to drug resistance The medicine discovered that the golden staph can secrete penicillinase (or betalactamase) which has the effect of destroying the betalactam ring - the basic structure of the above antibiotics - to make these This antibiotic is ineffective.

Having this 'rebellious power' is due to an innate , genetic gene passed down through generations of golden staph that medical science knows, which produces enzymes to counteract the destruction of micro-organisms. other bacteria, these enzymes are 'accidentally' against antibiotics or drugs .

To cope with the resistance to staphylococcus aureus, methicillin, a semisynthetic penicillin that eradicates staphylococcus aureus of betalactam antibiotics, appears after a while Gold is resistant to both Methicillin.

Currently, hospital infections - infections in inpatient patients at the hospital - are a major problem of global health, a major, difficult challenge in treating infections. Because hospital infections are mostly caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including the big role of golden staph.

In 2005, about 19,000 people in the United States died of hospital infections. In Vietnam, the Ministry of Health's antibiotic surveillance program said that Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus reached 41.7%; National Hospital of Tropical Diseases: 40%; Bach Mai hospital, Hanoi and Cho Ray, HCMC: 50%.

A study on 7 hospitals (Da Nang, Can Tho, An Binh, Nguyen Tri Phuong, Nhan Dan Gia Dinh, Nhi Dong 1 and Orthopedic Trauma Tran Hung Dao, Ho Chi Minh City showed that over 235 strains of gold staph were isolated. (specify, count and AND), there are 110 methicillin resistant strains: 46.8% .

To 'race' with antibiotic-resistant bacteria (not only golden staph), people always study and produce very strong antibiotics, such as Vancomycin, Colistin, Telavancin, Linezoid . Considered 'conservative' to treat stubborn bacteria.

However, these 'treasures' are not many and sooner or later they are resistant to bacteria. Recently, the United States reported three cases of Vancomycin-resistant and 24 other cases in the world Vancomycin reduced its effect with golden staphylococcus.

The effect is that the staphylococcus is resistant to drugs that not only causes illness within hospitals, but recently there have been many cases of golden staphylococcus in the community, that is, in healthy people. The first case of staphylococcus aureus in the community was first discovered in the United States in 1982, after which all countries reported this condition and the number of cases and severity increased.

In Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, 13.9% of cases of yellow staphylococcus are hospitalized every year in the total number of infections. There are patients when the doctors using the second generation antibiotics of cephalosporin antibiotics (the strongest line in the current betalactam group), but after 5 days still have high fever, must use the 3rd generation of this line, be effective fruit.

Infants, people with diabetes, chronic kidney failure are most likely to be infected with staphylococcus aureus , followed by those who abuse antibiotics. The source of golden staph infection is poor hygiene when cooking or preserving food; from expired food and injuries on hand-processed food handlers.

How to prevent staphylococcus aureus: Wash hands well with soap or biocide before and after work; limiting or not contacting the railing of stairs, locking faucets, door handles . especially in hospitals and crowded places is the best way to avoid infection.