Guidelines for water treatment and sanitation during the flood season

Flood and storm greatly affect human health and living environment. After floods and storms, many kinds of diseases such as cholera, dysentery, typhoid . often occur due to polluted environment and water sources. If there are no good remedies, there can be big outbreaks.

A / Water treatment and environmental sanitation before floods and storms:

1. For water sources:

1. Digging well: Use thick nylon, without puncture and cover wells and tie tightly with rubber bands.
2. Drilled well: Use thick plastic, no puncture seal and need bore wells with rubber bands.

2. For toilets:

1. 2 compartment latrine: take all the fertilizer, dig a deep hole at least 10m away from the drinking water source, incubate with powdered lime or ash, then cover the soil well, in the drainage hole for lime powder or kitchen ash before covering.
2. Septic toilets or flushing: Prepare the stopper to close the hole.
3. Submerged latrine with ventilation tube: Put lime powder or kitchen ash to cover the surface of manure and cover the soil.

3. Cattle sheds:

Collect manure into the pit at least 10m away from the water source, then spread lime or kitchen ash to cover the entire surface and then cover the soil thoroughly.

After floods and storms, many types of diseases such as cholera, dysentery and typhoid often occur.

B / Handling domestic water during the flood season:

In the flood season, if the well is flooded, there is no reserve water, then it must take the flooded water for use in the following steps:

Step 1: Make in water

Using 1 gram of alum (equivalent to a big corn grain) put in 20 liters of water, beat the alum and wait for 30 minutes to sediment the water. If there is no alum, use clean cloth to filter.

Step 2: Disinfect the water

Made in Chloramine chemical: use 1 tablet of Chloramine T or B type 250mg in 25 liters of water. Stir well to dissolve the chemical, after 30 minutes to use.

* In case of emergency without alum made in water, increase Chloramine B content:

1. If medium cloudy water: 15 - 20mg Chloramine B dissolved in 1 liter of water or 15-20 g Chloramine B (equivalent to about 1.5 - 2 teaspoons) dissolved in 1m3 of water.
2. If the turbid water is high: 20 - 50mg Chloramine B dissolves in 1 liter of water or 20-50 grams of Chloramine B (equivalent to about 2 - 5 teaspoons dissolved in 1m3 of water.

Note : Do not do both water and chemical disinfection at the same time.

C / Water treatment and environmental sanitation after floods and storms:

1. Environmental treatment

1. The sprint comes to mobilize the community to do environmental sanitation there. Because if not done in time, it will be difficult to push the sediment out of the house, yard and path.
2. When the water is drained of heavily polluted environment, there is a fishy smell due to animal carcasses, insects, rotting trees . Therefore, it is necessary to clear sewers, fill up stagnant water and bury corpses objects and disinfects.

On handling dead animals:

1. Surveying, estimating dead animal carcasses needing treatment.
2. Select the location to bury animal carcasses in the field away from water sources at least 50m. Dig into the grave of animals at a depth of at least 0.8 m, pour 3-5kg of lime powder or spray high concentration Chloramine B and then fill the soil tightly, carefully avoiding animals digging.
3. Disinfection of dead animal carcasses: After disposing of dead animals, they must be sprayed with disinfectants or powdered lime with dead animals. If there is no lime or disinfectant chemicals, use dry litter where animals die. Every day, the body of the animal must be checked to see if it is digested by animals or rats. If a bad smell or digging is detected, immediately fill it again.

Clean the house, dry clothes, do not hang, put wet clothes in an easy place for mosquitoes to shelter.

Select the location to bury animal carcasses in the field away from water sources at least 50m.

2. Treatment of domestic water

Consists of 4 steps:

Make in water with alum ---------> Disinfect water with Chloramine ----------> Boil ----------> Drink.

a. For offshore wells: Proceed in 3 steps:

* Step 1: Wash wells:

1. Sanitizing the city walls and wells, clearing flooded water around the wells.
2. Before working in and disinfecting water, make sure to clean the well, remove all the mud, and wash the well.

* Step 2: Domestic measures:

1. Use acid alum with a dose of 50gam / 1m3 of water, (1 gram of alum is equivalent to a big corn grain) if the turbidity is high, increase the amount of alum but maximum 100gam / 1m3.
2. Spread, dissolve all alum in pots.
3. Put the alum water into the dandruff to pour water into the well, then pull it up and down about 10 times, wait 30 minutes before disinfecting the water.

* Step 3: Water disinfection measures:

1. Estimate how much water in the well is about 1 cubic meter (1 ball equivalent to 1m ³ ) every 1m ³ dissolved 10-20 grams Chloramine B is equivalent to 1 to 2 tablespoons (depending on the turbidity of the water).
2. Ladle a bucket of water.
3. Mixing the above chemicals into water, must stir to dissolve the chemicals.
4. Drop dandruff down well, pull dandruff down about 10 times.
5. After 30 minutes, scooping up water to smell chlorine is usable. If you don't smell chlorine in the water, add about 1/3 of tablespoon of Chloramine B powder to stir well and put it in the well until the water smells like Chlo.
6. Use this well water to irrigate the well wall to disinfect
7. After 30 minutes, use water only (ensure the amount of residual Chlorine (0.3 - 0.5mg / liter)).

(If too much choloramine B is missed, wait until the smell of cholorine is used before).

Note:

1. Do not disinfect simultaneously with alum.
2. After disinfection if smelling chlorine, the disinfection is effective.
3. After being made, the water must be boiled before drinking.

After being made, the water must be boiled before drinking.

b. For drilling wells:

1. Remove rubber band and nylon mouthpiece.
2. Scouring the tap, need and foundation of the well.
3. Keep drains around the well.
4. Pump out the cloudy water, then pump it for another 15 minutes to remove it then use it.

3. Prevent some diseases after floods and storms

a. Preventing eye redness:

1. Do not clean or bathe dirty water.
2. Look up Chloramphenicol eye drops 0.4% for all people at risk of exposure to dirty water.
3. Do not use pots, face towels.

b. Preventing skin diseases:

1. Do not bathe, wash and wash clothes with dirty water.
2. Do not wear wet clothes.
3. Limit wading into dirty water. If for some reason you have to wade into dirty water, then wash immediately with clean water and dry, especially toes, hands and then immediately apply red or antiseptic medicine to the feet and hands.

c. Preventing diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, dengue, malaria, . by:

1. Eat cooked, boiled, do not eat raw vegetables, if you eat, you must wash with disinfected water.
2. Sleeping on the bed must have a curtain.
3. Eliminate impoverished puddles because this is a mosquito's shelter, activity and disease transmission.
4. Actively killing flies, mosquitoes, cleaning villages, clearing sewers .

d. Flu and respiratory disease

Humid weather, heavy rain also increase the likelihood of respiratory diseases, most commonly influenza, colds. Respiratory diseases are often highly infectious, forming epidemics, making treatment difficult.

To protect themselves, every citizen needs: personal hygiene, limiting exposure to disease sources; Wash your hands regularly and clean living environment, work place. When signs of influenza are present, seek medical attention immediately and isolate them to avoid infecting others.

e. Osteoarthritis

The erratic weather after the flood, sudden rain and sun, sudden cold and humid air caused many people to suffer from joint pain and muscle cramps. Especially hip joints, knees, shoulders, arms, belts. The joints may also become swollen, causing difficulty during exercise.

Exercise is suitable for a particular type of body that is effective in reducing aches and pains. In addition, you need to have a reasonable diet: foods rich in vitamin C and E, calcium, drink plenty of water to maintain the smoothness of joints.

In addition to the prevention of diseases from the people themselves, the health facilities also need to ensure sufficient human resources, drugs, equipment and facilities necessary for emergency treatment and timely treatment of patients. When detecting disease, it is necessary to quickly treat patients, avoid outbreaks and spread.

Above are measures to treat water and environmental sanitation before, during and after the flood and storm, so you and your friends should pay attention to implement to protect the health of yourself, your family and the community.