Mariana Basin - What is the deepest place in the ocean?

On March 26, 2012, Hollywood director James Cameron drove the Deepsea Challenger down 10,898 meters and set a world record for diving alone into the deepest ocean - the Mariana gully or groove Mariana.

The Mariana Trench, also known as the Mariana Basin or the Mariana Basin, is the deepest ocean trench known, and its deepest point is the deepest in the Earth's crust. It is located on the bottom of the Pacific Northwest, east of the Mariana Islands. The deepest point has coordinates of 11 ° 21 'North and 142 ° 12' East. The Mariana Trench stretches near Japan. This track is the boundary where the two tectonic plates meet, the subsidence area in which the Pacific Plate subsided under the Philippines. The trench is about 2,550 km long (1,580 miles) but the average width is only about 69 km (43 miles). The bottom of this trench is much lower than sea level, much higher than Mount Everest above sea level.

Cameron is the third person to have this honor. As a filmmaker, he did not forget to bring a most modern three-dimensional camcorder to record rare footage in the deep sea.

Director James Cameron on a submarine expedition to the Mariana valley.

Vivid images returned by Cameroon's talented hands have made scientists startled by the bizarre creatures that exist in the deepest places people ever knew.

Mariana basin is more than 10,000m deep with tremendous pressure and cold seawater. There is no light at all here, so the reason why with such harsh conditions is that life here still grows well is the question that makes scientists headaches.

Before the 19th century, people did not know much about the ocean. What mankind imagines about the deep sea is just a fantasy story about monsters, about another civilization that exists in parallel with humanity, in the novels of the French writer Jules Verne.

In Victorian times in England, scientist Edward Forbes experimented with dredging the Aegae Sea and found that the deeper he searched, the less creatures there were. He concluded that there was no life below the depth of 550 meters.

However, in the years from 1872 until 1876, HMS Challenger took a long journey of 127.653km to study and collect all the species that exist all over the oceans.

In the deep sea there are countless strange creatures.

There were 4,700 new creatures discovered, many of them living in the deep sea.

The expedition also found the deepest point of the ocean as the dark crescent shaped Mariana basin located in southern Japan.

The first expedition under this deepest ocean was on January 23, 1960, conducted by oceanographer Jacques Piccard and Captain Don Walsh of the US Navy.

This journey took 4 hours 47 minutes. However, when they reached the bottom, they were stirred by the sand and mud in the bottom to cover their view. The ship's result is just the discovery of a creature that Piccard claims to be flatfish but is now identified as a sea cucumber.

There are many lives in harsh environments

To this day with significant scientific advances, humanity has become more aware of the ocean and claims that the undersea is truly a place of rich development.

In late 2014, Jeffrey Drazen at the University of Hawaii in Honolulu led an expedition to the Mariana ravine.

Glowing full body fish lanterns to attract prey to find themselves.

This journey surprised Drazen with the biodiversity of this valley.

Because the environment at the bottom of the basin is a complete darkness, the creatures here have evolved strangely to suit the living environment.

Some species have giant eyes to catch light easily. Others do not have the function of sight but are strong in touch to feel their prey.

There are species that have self-emitting ability to attract other prey to find themselves.

Without sunlight, the algae or plants cannot grow, so the food below is very inadequate. The main source of food for organisms is just based on the decomposition of fish and shrimp on the upper floors.

Image of a strange crustacean in the deep sea.

The temperature here is also extreme when it only ranges from -1 to 4 degrees Celsius. More frightening when the pressure is up to eight tons per inch, more than the normal pressure on the sea a thousand times.

The combination of old cold and pressure environments also creates strange effects on organisms' bodies.

All cells in animals are surrounded by a layer of fat by fat . This membrane is in liquid form to transmit nerve signals and helps metabolism from inside to outside.

Strange creatures

The camera of director James Cameron recorded the crustaceans shaped like shrimp. The only difference is that they are much larger in size than other marine creatures of the same type.

The most abundant creature in Cameron's video is a worm , which is a giant single-celled creature.

Species with holes are always present in harsh environments.

They live in the undersea soil layers around the world, including in extremely harsh environments.

This video also shows creatures like a series of rod-shaped objects buried in sand. Scientists have realized this is a sea cucumber called a deep sea because of its worm-like shape and countless tentacles around its mouth.

In addition to the above creatures, the most groundbreaking discovery on the ocean floor is bacteria.

Analyzing the genetic structure of bacteria showed that they exist by absorbing methane and hydrogen gas escaping under the sea floor when the geological tectonic plates in the rift rubbed together.

Scientists all assume that the life of every living thing on earth comes from long-term development and evolution from the life on the seabed.

So the bacteria in the Mariana gap may help scientists find the source of human birth.