Optical fiber

Optical fiber cables, vibrating by light, are considered as the communication system of the information superhighway. By converting billions of digital data into light signals, a tiny optical fiber can download 10 million phone calls at the same time.

Principle of operation of optical cable

Information transmitted through optical fiber begins in the form of an electric current carrying a lot of digital data. A light source, often a laser source, converts this current into light pulses and injects them into cables. At the receiving point, an image diode (light detector) receives the pulse of light and converts it into electric current and recreates the original information. The pulses of light passing through the core of the fiber in many directions are called modes by reflecting through the coating.

In one fiber optic cable, different data streams are fed through the core of the cable at the same time using different low wavelengths of light for each flow. Light can follow the zigzag form for transmission at short distances. With longer distances, thinner fibers are used to transmit the light signal through a more locating path and through the center of the fiber.

Fabrication of optical fiber

The glass core of an original fiber optic cable is like a thin and solid material bar called a preform. Two gases, silicon dioxide and germanium dioxide, are pumped into a hollow tube. The burner light moves from the bottom to the top of the tube and heats it from below until the solid glass core is completely formed inside.

The formed material is cooled down in the tower with a temperature of 1,900 degrees C. When the vertical glass melts, it will return to the real weight. A special machine is responsible for drawing glass into cylindrical fibers.

Burning lights are heating up forming materials

Stretch and shape glass fibers

Optical fibers are thin fibers such as hair fibers that are made of glass or sometimes plastic, which transmit digital data at the speed of light; At this rate, it can travel around the Earth 7 times in 1 second. This type of cable is cheaper to download a larger signal than the copper wire they replace. International calls and high-speed internet connections are extremely cheap thanks to the introduction of fiber optic cables.

Kim Thanh (Source: How cool stuff works)