Prevent 5 epidemic diseases of Tet holiday

Hand, foot and mouth disease, dengue fever, influenza, avian influenza, streptococcus are 5 diseases that are at risk of spreading and spreading in the winter and spring weather.

Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, recommends precautions for some infectious diseases in the winter-spring 2015-2016 season.

HFMD

A dangerous infectious disease caused by intestinal virus, easily transmitted from human to human by gastrointestinal tract and contact, especially children under 5 years old. The proportion of healthy carriers is 71%. In the first 10 months of the year, the country recorded 46,646 cases and 6 deaths. Compared to the same period in 2014, the number of cases decreased by 31.2%.

Characteristic signs of the disease are fever, sore throat, lesions of the oral mucosa and skin mainly in the form of water emulsion, often appearing in the palms, soles of the feet, knees, and buttocks. Most cases are mild, but can be severe and cause dangerous complications such as meningitis - meningitis, myocarditis, acute pulmonary edema leading to death.

Recommendations for community prevention:

1. Personal hygiene: Wash your hands with soap under running water several times a day in both adults and children. Before preparing food, eating or feeding children, before carrying babies, after going to the toilet, after changing diapers and cleaning children . need to wash their hands clean.

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Wash your hands often with soap under running water several times a day in both adults and children.(Photo: Le Phuong).

1. Eating and drinking : Food for children need to ensure adequate nutrition, eat cooked, drink cooked, eating utensils must be cleaned before use (preferably soaked in boiling water). Use clean water in daily activities. Do not feed children, do not let children eat and drink, suck and suck on toys. Do not allow children to share napkins, handkerchiefs, eating utensils such as unpasteurized cups, bowls, plates, spoons and toys.
2. Cleaning toys, living areas : It is necessary to regularly clean daily surfaces and contact items such as toys, school supplies, door handles, stair handrails, table tops, floors with soap Room or common cleaners.
3. Collection and treatment of children's waste: Use hygienic latrines, feces, waste of children must be collected, treated and discharged into hygienic latrines.
4. Monitoring for early detection : Children must be monitored regularly to promptly detect, isolate, treat cases, avoid spreading diseases to other children.
5. Isolation and timely treatment of illnesses: Households with children under 6 years of age should actively monitor their health to promptly detect and take them immediately to medical establishments. Sick children must be isolated for at least 10 days from the onset of illness. Do not let children show signs of illness and play with other children.
6. In school : Arrange enough hand washing sinks and soap in convenient locations for students to wash their hands. Teach students to wash their hands properly, often with soap and water before eating, after going to the toilet. Use hygienic latrines. The child's excrement must be collected, treated and discharged into the latrine.
7. For kindergartens and child care facilities: Regularly clean young hands and babysitters through soap under running water several times a day. Clean surfaces, objects that are in daily contact. For schools that organize meals at school, be sure to eat cooked, cooked, nutritious foods.

Dengue

Dengue hemorrhagic fever is an acute mosquito-borne disease of dengue and can cause large outbreaks. In the first 10 months of the year, the country recorded 58,633 cases in 52 provinces and cities, 42 deaths.

Recommendation for dengue prevention in the community:

Cover all water containers to prevent mosquitoes from laying eggs.

1. Every week, take measures to kill larvae and larvae by releasing fish into large water containers. Wash small and medium water containers, turn over water-free tools. Replace flower vase water, remove salt, remove chemical oil, throw sticks into the bowl of water for feet and standing water.
2. Every week, discarded, overturned waste materials, natural water holes that do not allow mosquitoes to lay eggs such as bottles, jars, bottles, coconut shells, broken pieces, tires, old tires, bamboo bark and leaf sheaths. .
3. Sleep in the curtain, wear long-sleeved clothes for mosquito bites even during the day.
4. Actively coordinate with the health sector in the spraying of chemicals to prevent and control epidemics. Implementing propaganda and mobilizing teachers and students to participate in preventing dengue fever at schools
5. When having a fever, immediately go to a medical facility for medical examination and treatment. Do not arbitrarily treat at home.

Flu

Is an acute respiratory viral infection with fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, runny nose, sore throat and cough. May be accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, especially in children.

Usually the disease changes slightly and recovers within 2-7 days. In children and the elderly, people with chronic diseases of the heart, lung, metabolic disease, anemia or people with immunodeficiency, the disease may be more serious such as ear infections, bronchitis, pneumonia , encephalitis can lead to death.

Influenza A virus can infect mammals (such as pigs and horses), birds and poultry. All types of influenza A viruses exist in wild waterbird populations. Influenza B and C viruses only cause illness in humans. Short incubation period, from 1-5 days, an average of 2 days. Everyone is highly susceptible to infection. The rate of infection with new influenza viruses is very high, up to 90% both adults and children.

Everyone is highly susceptible to seasonal flu.

Recommend community to prevent seasonal flu:

1. Ensuring personal hygiene, covering your mouth when sneezing, regularly washing your hands with soap, cleaning the nose and throat daily with salt water.
2. Keep your body warm, eat enough food to improve your body.
3. Vaccine against seasonal flu vaccine.
4. Limit contact with flu patients or suspected cases when not needed.
5. When symptoms of cough, fever, runny nose, headache, fatigue need to go immediately to the medical facility to be examined and treated promptly.

Bird flu

Characteristics of the disease:

Avian influenza is an acute infectious disease that is dangerous due to type A influenza virus, with common symptoms of high fever over 38 degrees C, cough, shortness of breath, respiratory failure that can lead to death.

The causative agent is influenza A virus that often mutates rapidly. Highly pathogenic, potentially causing serious illness in humans. Birds can excrete virus at least 10 days by mouth and stool. Ability to transmit directly from birds and poultry to people. If there are many people infected, it increases the likelihood that the patient becomes a mixture of human and animal flu viruses, facilitating the recombination of new virus formation with the human influenza virus gene.

Can survive long in the environment, especially at low temperatures, can live monthly in low heat. At 37 degrees Celsius can live for many days in the feces of poultry.

Recommendations for the community to prevent bird flu:

1. Do not eat poultry, sick, dead and unidentified poultry products. Make sure to eat cooked and cooked. Wash your hands with soap before eating.
2. No slaughtering, transporting, buying and selling poultry and poultry products of unknown origin.
3. When detecting sick or dead poultry, it is absolutely forbidden to slaughter and use but must immediately notify local authorities and veterinary units in the area.
4. When there are flu symptoms such as fever, cough, chest pain, shortness of breath related to poultry, they must go immediately to a health facility for timely advice, examination and treatment.

Pneumococcal disease in humans

Pneumococcal disease is an acute infectious disease caused by streptococcus bacteria called Streptococcus Suis transmitted from animals to humans, mainly from infected pigs. The disease has various clinical manifestations, most commonly the meningitis and septic shock:

Meningitis : High fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, deafness, stiffness, cognitive disorders . various bleeding in some parts of the body.

Septic shock : Toxic shock, vascular collapse, cold body, hypotension, acute sepsis, severe coagulopathy, respiratory failure, multiple organ failure, leading to coma and death.

The average incubation period from exposure to the first symptoms appear about 2 days, ranging from 3 hours to 14 days. People infected with S.suis are often exposed to direct contact (animal husbandry, slaughtering) or use of pig products such as broth, meat, organs of sick and dead pigs that have not been cooked. In the first 11 months of 2015, 82 new cases were recorded, 10 deaths.

Recommendations for community to prevent streptococcal disease:

1. Food safety and hygenic. Do not eat the soup, pork offal and unprocessed pork products (heart, heart, liver, kidneys, re-meat, meat rolls, spring rolls .).
2. Do not use unusual red pork, hemorrhage or edema.
3. Good personal hygiene, using gloves and other necessary protective equipment when handling pigs, processing pork, regularly washing hands with soap.
4. Not buying, selling, transporting and slaughtering sick pigs or dead pigs. Destroying sick pigs and pigs according to regulations.
5. When there are signs of suspicion of diseases such as sudden high fever and a history of breeding, slaughtering pigs that are sick, dead or products from pigs that are not hygienic, they need to go immediately to a medical facility for examination and treatment. timely treatment.

Also be careful of other infectious diseases such as measles, rubella, diphtheria .