Principle of operation of wind turbines

Wind energy is described as a process, it is used to generate mechanical or electrical energy. Wind turbines will transform from wind dynamics into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy can be used for specific tasks such as pumping water, or food grinding machines, or for a generator that can convert from mechanical energy to electrical energy.

World's largest wind turbine gearbox.

Wind turbine construction

1. Anemometer : Wind speed measurement and wind speed data transfer to controller.
2. Blades : Fan blades. The wind blows through the propellers and causes the propellers to move and spin.
3. Brake : Brake unit (brake). Used to stop the rotor in an emergency state by electricity, by water or by motor.
4. Controller : Controller . The controller will start the engine at a wind speed of about 8 to 14 miles per hour corresponding to 12km / h to 22km / h and the engine switch is about 65 miles per hour equivalent to 104 km / h because the transmitter This can be hot.
5. Gear box : Gearbox. The gear is connected to a low-speed shaft with a high-speed shaft and increases the rotational speed from 30 to 60 rpm to 1200 to 1500 revolutions per minute, the rotation speed is required by most power generators. output electricity. This gear set is very expensive, it is part of the engine and wind turbine.
6. Generator : Generator . Generate electricity.
7. High - speed shaft : Transmission shaft of the transmitter at high speed.
8. Low - speed shaft : Low speed rotation shaft .
9. Nacelle : Shell. Including the rotor and outer casing, the whole is placed on the top of the cylinder and includes the following parts: gear box, low and high-speed shafts, generator, controller, and brake. Outer casing protects the inner components. Some shells must be wide enough for a technician to stand inside while working.
10. Pitch : Step teeth. The wing is rotated or tilted slightly to keep the rotor rotating in the wind not too high or too low to generate electricity.
11. Rotor : Includes rotor and shaft.
12. Tower : Nacelle support post. Made of steel cylindrical or steel ballast. Because the wind speed increases if the higher the cylinder, the higher the pillar to get more wind power and generate more electricity.
13. Wind vane : To handle wind direction and contact 'yaw drive' to orient wind turbines.
14. Yaw drive : Used to keep the rotor always facing the main wind direction when there is a change in the wind direction.
15. Yaw motor : The motor provided for 'yaw drive' determines the wind direction.

Structure of wind turbines.

Current wind turbine types

Wind turbines are now divided into two categories:

1. A kind of vertical axis is like a helicopter.
2. One kind of horizontal axis.

Horizontal axis wind turbines are common types with 2 or 3 propellers. The 3-blade wind turbine operates under the wind direction with the impeller surface facing the blowing wind. Today, 3-blade wind turbines are widely used.

Power of the wind turbine back

The range of favorable wind turbine capacity from 50 kW to power is larger than a few MW. In order to have a larger wind turbine capacity range, assemble a group of turbines together in a wind farm and it will provide greater power to the grid.

Small wind turbines with a capacity of less than 50 kW are used for families. Telecommunications or water pumps are sometimes used to connect diesel generators, batteries and photovoltaic systems. These systems are called wind hybrid systems and are typically used in remote areas, those that do not yet have power grids, places where electricity networks cannot connect to these areas.

Principle of operation of wind turbines

Wind turbines are placed on high pillars to capture most of the wind energy.

How do wind turbines generate electricity? One simple way is that a wind turbine works in contrast to an electric fan, instead of using electricity to generate wind like an electric fan, the wind turbine uses the wind to generate electricity.

Wind turbines operate on a very simple principle.The energy of the wind makes 2 or 3 rotors spin around a rotor. Which rotor is connected to the main axis and the main shaft will drive to rotate the rotation axis to generate electricity.

Wind turbines are placed on high pillars to capture most of the wind energy. At a speed of 30 meters on the ground, favorable wind turbines: Speed ​​faster and less subject to abnormal winds.

Wind turbines can use electricity for homes or construction, they can connect to an electrical network to distribute the electricity network wider.

Looking from the outside into a wind power plant, how does a group of turbines work and generate electricity through utility lines? Electricity is transmitted through wires distributed from homes, businesses, schools .

Advantages and disadvantages of using wind power

Advantages

1. Wind energy is the fuel produced by wind, so it is a clean fuel. Wind energy does not pollute the air compared to thermal power plants that rely on burning coal or gas.
2. Wind energy is available in many areas. So the country's wind energy supply is very rich.
3. Wind energy is a renewable form of energy that costs less due to advanced science today. Approximately 4 to 6 cents / kWh. That depends on the source of the wind, the finance of the project and the characteristics of the project.
4. Wind turbines can be built on farms, so it is an economic condition for rural areas, the best place for wind to be found. Farmers and ranchers can continue their work on their land because wind turbines use only a fraction of their land, wind energy investors only have to pay compensation to farmers. and owners of farms whose land is used to install wind turbines.

Difficulties

1. Wind energy must compete with conventional sources at a basic price. That depends on how strong the wind is. So it requires higher initial investment than other fuel-powered generators.
2. Wind energy is an intermittent energy source and it doesn't always have to be electricity. Wind energy cannot be stored and not all wind power can be exploited at the time of the need for electricity.
3. Places with good wind power are often located in remote locations away from the city, but those places need electricity.