Straw mushroom: Instructions for planting and harvesting

How to grow mushrooms is very simple. Taking care of straw mushrooms is also not difficult. Fresh mushrooms are delicious, nutritious, easy to grow, fast harvest, large markets. If properly applied the mushroom growing technique, it will quickly harvest for high economic.

Mushrooms are quite familiar to our people. Mushrooms often grow on common ingredients that straw should be named Straw mushrooom, scientific name Volvariella volvacea .

For every ton of straw to grow mushrooms in general, except for the cost of 15 - 20 days, the profit can be from 500,000 to 700,000 VND. Residue after growing mushrooms processed into high-class bio-fertilizer. In addition, mushroom residues are also used to feed earthworms, taking worms to raise poultry, cattle and shrimp and fish.

How to grow mushrooms

Season of mushroom cultivation

Mushrooms can be grown year round. In the winter-spring season, bordering on the Lunar New Year, having cold winds, they must block the wind, keep warm and make the mushroom tissue bigger. The rainy season needs to make the roof or straw cabinets thicker to reduce the humidity, making the foundation high to avoid flooding. In windy places, strong winds need to be a wind barrier, arrange mushroom tissues perpendicular to the wind direction.

Prepare the location

There can be straw in many places such as: field land, in the garden, around the house, . can be on the ground, brick, cement on the shelf. Even indoors, in nylon wrap. Choose a location so that it is flat, tall and not flooded, clean and especially near the road to transport straw, near irrigation water for convenient care, harvesting and transportation.

Mushroom growing materials

One can use many different materials to grow mushrooms such as straw, bagasse, stems and banana leaves, water hyacinth, cotton balls. But often we use straw. Mushrooms with straw, season rice or shallow god, glutinous rice or sticky rice can be used. It is possible to use fresh straw fresh or dried straw, as long as it does not rot (has turned into a dark brown color), it will not yield much.

Method of brewing straw

How to compost straw into a pile. This applies to both fresh and dried straw. Steps to proceed:

Straw is piled up, 1.5-2m wide, 4-8m long. When piling, each layer of 20-30cm tall straw water to allow the straw to absorb evenly and use stomping feet to continue, continue with the next layers until the pile has a height of 1.3-1.5m. Then take the nylon, the straw or the banana leaf around to keep it moist and keep the heat. A few days after incubation, the temperature in the compost pile is about 60-70 ^o C. The temperature will kill wild mushroom sprouts and partly disintegrate organic matter in straw, making it easy for straw mushrooms to absorb nutrients. nurturing and developing smoothly later.

The main material in the technique of growing mushrooms is straw

After incubation of straw for 10-12 days, then the straw pile collapses, the height is about 0.8-1.0m. At this time, you can bring straw to the bed.

How to treat lime water before incubation. This is applied to dry straw. Straw and straw are dipped in lime water, mixed with a ratio of 3 kg of lime to 100 liters of water. Soak the straw just enough to flood. The purpose of killing fungi, cleaning alum, salty substances in rice straw.

Time soaked in lime water for 20-30 minutes, then picked out, drained, piled with a width of 1.5-2m, length 4-8m. Need to stomp lightly, take nylon, straw or banana leaves around to keep it moist and keep heat.

Incubation time 5-6 days: During the first time, after piling 2-3 days, return to straw once. If the straw is too wet, it should reduce the outer cover. If the straw is dry, add lime water at the rate of 3 kg of lime to 100 liters of water, irrigate sufficiently.

Check the pile of straw by day 5-6. Straw is wet enough, when squeezing a few, it is best to have a few drops of water.

Straw has qualified for fungi to meet requirements:

1. Straw is soft.
2. Bright yellow.
3. There is a characteristic aroma of rice straw when fermented.

Choose seed meow

It is an important step that greatly affects the productivity of mushroom cultivation. Choose good seed, right age, not infected with bacteria will give high yield and good mushroom quality.

Standard of good bagging: White white silk thread, open the lid of the bag with the same smell as straw mushroom. Mushrooms grow evenly across the face in the bag. (Some spawn only, when silk matures, starts to clump into reddish-brown seeds that still produce good yields). A bag of seedlings of medium weight weighs 120g, can be sown on mushroom tissue 0.5m wide, 0.4-0.5m high, length of 4-5m.

Note when selecting seedlings: Do not choose to use brown, black, orange-yellow moss bags because they have been infected with wild mushrooms. Do not choose the bag of moss on the bottom of the bag that is wet, pasty and sour.

Arrange tissue & sprinkle with spawn

Take the straw from the compost pile: Remove the straw from the compost pile. The straw has been incubated inside and put the tissue to grow mushroom, try to put it all in the day when the straw has been unloaded when composting.

Mushroom tissue

Method 1 : Sprinkle a layer of straw that has been incubated on the surface, then water. Using your hand to hold it down so that it has a width of about 50cm, 20cm height. Spreading seedling along the beds, 5-7cm from the edge of the bed. Continue to repeat the above procedure for the 2nd and 3rd layers of straw . If three layers are incubated, the top layer will not be leavened. Watering will be easy, smooth the outer surface for smooth, smooth tissue. Clipping tissue is not compact, the uneven surface tissue when harvesting mushrooms will damage small mushroom buds, reducing productivity.

Need to water often keep moisture for fungus development, not pests

Method 2 : Straw after ripening is rolled into bundles, diameter 15-20cm, length from 45-50cm, arranged in layers. After each layer of straw, spread the meow along the sides of the bed, 5-7cm from the edge of the bed, continue to rank as above for the 2nd and 3rd layers of straw . If only three layers are brewed, the top will be thick and dry. 5cm, sprinkle water well, smooth the outer surface for smooth, smooth tissue.

Note: Depending on the season, change the thickness when covering the tissue properly. Sunny season: Thin straw cabinet to remove heat. Rainy season, cold season: Thick straw cabinet to keep heat and waterproof.

How to take care of mushrooms

Care of mushroom tissue

For straw mushrooms, there is no need to use additional fertilizers. Because of straw when decomposing enough to provide nutrition for mushroom growth.

Monitoring temperature and humidity is the most important step in the production process. Moisture content is the leading factor, because moisture helps facilitate decomposing straw easily, thereby creating temperature in fungal tissue. If moisture is excess, excess water: Temperature will decrease, mushroom tissue is cold. If moisture is insufficient, tissue dryness increases.

Keeping the appropriate moisture: When examining fungal tissue, draw a handful (about 15-20 stalks) of straw in the middle of the bed, squeeze in the palm of your hand, the water slightly passes through the interstitial medium.

If the water does not pass through the fingers, it is dry, watering. If you see water flowing through your fingers into droplets, you have to stop watering and you have to remove the tissue for evaporation. During the rainy season, the roof must be made after removing the tissue.

Adjust the temperature by watering and covering tissue: When examining fungal tissue, seeing the temperature rise, the rice straw lacks the water required to use a shower hose to irrigate the fungal tissue. Avoid using strong faucets that will damage small fibers and fungi. If only the temperature is increased without water shortage, wet robe should be reduced instead of dry straw to reduce heat and ease heat.

When examining fungal tissue, the temperature decreases, the tissue is cold: Stop watering, remove tissue, sunshade . to help absorb the sun tissue. If it is the rainy season, it is necessary to use nylon, agricultural coatings (cover the black side up) to keep the mushroom tissue in the heat, increase the temperature inside.

Straw Island tissue : After 5-8 days of tissue preparation, remove the straw, rinse and cover the mushroom tissue. It is necessary to reverse the tissue to avoid spreading the fungus to the outside, not to create fungi.

Straw mushroom is a short-term, fast species for harvesting

Harvesting mushrooms

After incubating straw for 10-14 days can be harvested: mushroom collection time, depending on the type of moss and incubation. Mushrooms spread out on the 12-15th day; then 7-8 days after the second phase and harvested in 3-4 days, the end of the mushroom growing season (25-30 days).

Timing of mushroom picking: Collect twice a day. The first time in the early morning before 6 o'clock. Collecting the 2nd time around 14-15 pm.

Choose standard mushrooms for picking: Straw mushrooms grow continuously and many plants stick together. Need to choose to pick buds, slightly pointed. How to pick, gently rotate the mushroom, separate from the tissue. Do not leave the fungus foot on the tissue, because the fungus's legs when rotting will damage the next mushroom buds. After picking, cover the tissue carefully.

Harvesting time is usually 7-10 days. The average yield of 1.5kg of fresh mushrooms over 1m of mushrooms.

After harvesting, mushrooms need to be consumed within 2-3 hours. If you want to keep the next day, store at a temperature of 10-15 ⁰ C.

What is mushrooms?

Straw mushroom or straw hat mushroom is a species of mushroom in the large mushroom family growing and developing from the straw. Mushrooms include many different species, have different shape characteristics such as white, gray, dark gray . the "mushroom" diameter size is big and small depending on the type. A nutritious mushroom.

Nutritional value of mushrooms

Mushroom is a nutritious mushroom. Mushrooms with lots of vitamins A, B1, B2, PP, D, E, C and contain 7 types of amino acids, straw mushrooms are a treat for many diseases is a familiar type. In 100g fresh straw mushrooms contain 90% water, 3.6% protein, 0.3% fat, 3.2% sugar, 1.1% fiber (cellulose), 0.8% ash, 28mg% Ca, 80mg% P, 1.2% Fe, vitamine A, B1, B2, C, D, PP . Every 100g of fresh mushrooms for the body 31 calories.

Straw mushroom is a popular type, especially in villages because there are many straws, mushrooms are often used as food. As a nutritious mushroom, every 100g of dried mushrooms contain nitrogen to 21-37g of protein (especially high content of protein containing full essential amino acids that the body cannot synthesize, even more than meat cow and soybean).

Thanks to such nutrient rich ingredients, straw mushroom is the source used for processing into functional foods, as a medicine dish in supporting the treatment of many diseases such as metabolic and endocrine disorders such as fat. hypertrophy, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension and diabetes, anemia .