Techniques for growing avocado trees

Avocado trees are native to Mexico, planted by French people in our country in the 1940s. Currently avocado is grown in many provinces, here are some basic planting techniques that farmers need to pay attention to. .

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The technique of growing avocado trees for high nutritional value

Compared to other fruit trees, avocado is quite easy to grow, adaptable to the disadvantages of the environment such as drought, wind and poor soil . In addition to bringing about nutritional value, avocado is also a quite safe fruit, because of the thick shell, it is necessary to limit the pests or sucking insects, the pesticides are rarely used for avocado trees.

Techniques for growing avocado trees

Avocado is grown in many soil types but is most suitable in basalt red soil. The topography of forced avocado land must be well drained, which is why it is difficult for the Southwest region to grow avocado. Soil pH required from 5 to 6 on coffee soil needs lime addition. In areas that are too steep, growers need to design contour lines, creating ice to limit soil erosion.

Avocado is a plant with a relatively simple plantation technique

Avocado trees are grown from very large dissociated seeds on many traits and fruit quality, so people have to plant grafted trees with good varieties, healthy growth, pest resistance, high yield, fruit type and quality of fruits said. If you do this, your products will meet the domestic market demand and match some export standards.

Density, planting way

In pure avocado growing conditions, growers should design a distance of 8m x 7m or 9m x 6m between trees, intercropping a shade combination, windbreak for design coffee 9m x 9m or 9m x 12m. For newly planted coffee gardens, farmers should limit the intercropping of avocado in the gap.

The digging hole needs to be 60 x 60 x 60cm , the amount of fertilizer lining each hole is 15-20 kg of manure (additional probiotics), 0.5kg of Ninh Binh phosphate and need to be 0.3 -0.5kg lime. Farmers should use a round knife to remove the bottom of the plastic bag, cut out the long growing roots out of the soil, and make a vertical slit from the bottom to 10cm, placing the lower surface 5cm below the ground with the tops turning to the wind direction and fill soil ½ potting plants, remove plastic bags slowly and fill and compact the soil around the soil, so alternating flower varieties A and B. Newly planted avocados need to be shaded and staked.

Fertilizer

Proper application of planting techniques will help growers avoid many plant diseases

Seedlings should apply 4 -5 times / year, the amount of fertilizer depends on the age of the tree. When the fruit starts, the plant needs a higher amount of potassium fertilizer and the amount of fertilizer should be stable in the 9th and 10th year. The growth stages of avocado season are much different than that of coffee, so it needs processing. balanced nutrition by age and period. Caregivers need to add lime and organic fertilizer, supplement through foliar fertilizers such as Alpha Super, Antonic premium leaf fertilizer; Use Grow More before and after applying 4 times.

Pruning branches to create canopy

Farmers need to prune leaves 2-3 times a year or 1 time after harvest , pay attention to pruning the buds of the rootstock, prune the diseased branches close to the ground, and prune the root up gradually to raise the height, creating round round canopy ventilation sometimes deviates from the high wind direction. In addition, farmers should remove flowers in the first year so that the plants can grow. When trees are small, unstable, poor conditions, lack of water, irrational pruning will cause the crop to deviate from the season.

Irrigation and original cabinets

Avocado trees need moderate amounts of water but growers should irrigate many times . People can irrigate 10-15 days / time in the dry season combined with original incubation, no need to irrigate too much or full of tanks, combine fertilizer twice in the dry season. The irrigation is too wet, then letting the soil dry and cracked will cause the tree to break young roots, not grow or die.

Prevention of pests and diseases

In avocado trees should be managed in the direction of IPM (limited use of pesticides). Planters should create a well-ventilated garden, clean up remnants, limit humidity and spray local preventive medicine in the garden.

Root rot, stem cracking caused by fungi Phytophthrora cinamoni. Diseased plants often have foliage of foliage, leaves turn light green and fall, dead branches gradually from the top down to the main body. Farmers need to avoid continuous wetness in the root zone, early detection of longitudinal cracks, farting on the body and darkening of the vein.

Avocado trees are widely grown in many places thanks to economic benefits

Disease of dry branches caused by Colletotrichum cloeosporiodes , dead dry branches, making the fruits tarnished (usually at the left end). In addition, the disease is also caused by direct hot sunshine for a long time, this case appears very popular in new trees planted with few leaves.

Disease on old fruit : The fungal pathogen has invaded since the fruit is growing (1-3cm in diameter) creating small black spots on the pods, in the wax avocado varieties that look quite well at the time of harvest. They have small cracks, plus sign on the pod, these black spots crack and split, reducing the design and selling price.

Common pests

Root insect pests include common objects such as termites, vermicelli, crickets, ants, especially mealy bugs, concentrated in soil layers from 0 - 50cm, diseased plants have pale yellow leaves, weakened trees and easy to die.

Stink bugs: Consisting of 2-3 species, sucking young buds, young leaves wilting and buds, especially young fruits, creating black dots on pods and many hard seeds in fruit flesh, with high density will cause many fruits to drop. This is also the gateway of many fungal diseases, greatly reducing the productivity and quality of fruits.

Stem borer : It is quite common on avocado orchards, creating small holes in the stem, branches (different from branch borers) with white chalk in the perforated hole (possibly fungi) appearing from the middle of the rainy season rather, in the middle of the dry season, the hole is small and the muddy road is short but reduces the growth and development of the tree and makes the branches break easily.

Collect and transport according to standards

Avocado fruit has high nutritional value

Avocado trees produce many flowers, to ensure quality, one avocado crop should be harvested from 2-4 fruits . Ripe fruit can be identified by many external and internal characteristics: starting with some old and falling fruits, pods turning purple or greenisher, gloss changing, more tumors or more rough, sound emitted when shaking fruit (loose grain).

Effect of avocado

Avocado is one of the most nutritious fruit trees, rich in energy (an average of 245 calories / 100g of fruit meat), high in fat (26.4g / 100g), high in vitamin A (0 , 17mg), B vitamins, vitamin E and many other nutrients are beneficial for human health. Vitamin E in butter works to protect the acids against oxidation, thereby slowing down the aging process of cells, helping the skin to be brighter and tighter. Avocado oil is also used as a perfect soap or high-end cosmetics.

Avocado can be eaten fresh, used for ice cream, sandwiches or used as fast food, . Previously in Southeast Asia as well as in Vietnam, avocado was less popular but in European countries, America this is the kind of fruit The tree is very popular due to its nutritional value and delicious taste.