Stuttering and remedy

Stuttering is a phenomenon of functional neurosis, most commonly in children aged 2 to 6 years, especially boys. Although not a disease, stuttering causes many troubles for children, putting pressure on children when talking. Stuttering is detected and treated early and will be highly effective.

Words are characteristic of the human species. When we begin to speak, there are stimuli that affect the receptors of the tongue, lips, cheeks and larynx. These stimuli follow the analytical organ of speech to cortical cells, the area of ​​motor analysis of speech (Broca region). When these parts are not working properly, they cannot coordinate well, the words will be difficult and generate stuttering.

Broca in the language center

The brains of animals do not have the Broca region . The gibbon species, thanks to labor, have the language, thanks to that, the gibbon brain gradually becomes human brain (Broca region). In 1861, the French surgeon, Broca, watched a lifeless person and autopsy of the patient after the patient died. Broca writes a complete and accurate medical record. And that medical record is the first document on the specific function of a small area on the human cortex. That area is the verbal area. In order to remember the merits, it was later called that " Broca area " - that is, the forehead of the left side of the left hemisphere. And Broca's disease is not said to be known as loss of speech.

The imperfect language of the brain will lead to stuttering.(Photo: Lemoyne.edu)

When we pronounce, at the same time with nerve impulses going to Broca region, there are also auditory stimuli of speech, visual stimuli, sense of being . of the speaker and stimulation of the object. that words represent. The speech is extremely important, it is the signal of specific stimuli, which builds thought that helps the brain to form a mindset of building awareness.

In animals, including primates, because there is no Broca area yet, they are only aware of what they feel. Human speech and animal cries cannot be compared, because these two sounds are different from each other in quality and quantity.

The cause of stuttering

Stuttering is a disorder in speech expressions. For example, it should be said: " I'm going to eat here" , then that sentence will be "Co . co . I . d . safe . eat . rice". And many other sentences are similarly stuttering. Stuttering often occurs in boys 3 times more than girls. In addition to stuttering, children are completely normal, still understand what others say, can still study. This unusual form can develop during the beginning of speech, during which many children often have stuttering. About 5% -10% of children often suffer from this condition at school and about 1% of children after puberty have persistent stuttering.

Children with psychological crisis can lead to stuttering.(Photo: abc.net.au)

The cause of stuttering is not very clear, so there are different opinions:

1. Due to trauma in newborns : Some argue that it is difficult to use forceps to push the fetus out of the womb. Or with fallen children hitting their hard objects and hurt Broca region.
2. Due to the disease: It is also suspected that during pregnancy, women with certain diseases can transmit it to the fetus and the disease has caused damage to the brain including the language center of the fetus. Or children suffering from a brain or meningitis (such as encephalitis, meningitis) after treatment has left some stain in the language center.
3. Emotional crisis : Some scientists argue that due to emotional crisis, such as a shock, or something that happens in childhood, it is possible to make children stutter. These psychosocial disabilities over time become a habit.
4. Segregation on the cortex to prevent circulation signals : Most recently, a group of scientists from the Universities of Hamburg and Gottingen (Germany) have studied through magnetic resonance imaging of the brain of 15 people with disabilities. stuttering, comparing with the brains of 15 normal speakers and commenting: In stutterers there are fragments of the cortex that block normal circulation signals between areas in the language control area, The consequences are stuttering, unable to speak fluently.

How to fix stuttering?

Many people believe that stuttering can be overcome by the following methods:

- Strengthen the training of speaking skills : This can be done at home, patiently doing regularly, long term. Each day for 40-60 minutes for children to learn to read and practice speaking. Practice reading a text (first reading a short article), reading each word clearly, but must read for fluency. If the child stumbles, read it again. So until the whole article is read smoothly and fluently. Read and reread until the child memorizes, folds the book still read. Every day only one post. After a while, let your child learn to read the lesson longer, then gradually read the lesson longer.

Regarding practice, give each child a short question and practice answering fluently. If the answer is stuttering, tell the child to repeat the sentence. Make it clear, repeat it until you are fluent and continue on to another question.

Reading exercises and questions must be short and simple at first, not exhausting children. For practice sessions to get rid of boredom, sometimes let them practice reading jokes and asking funny questions. If patiently practicing regularly, the result will be good.

- Using modern methods : Some German scientists have studied and implemented a computer program (referred to as CP) named "fluent doctor" to cure stuttering. This method is based on the principle that, although the cause of stuttering cannot be cured, the patient still completes the ability to speak fluently through continuous practice. People with stuttering say special phrases into a microphone connected to a computer, increasing or decreasing the voice within the specified time limit. "Fluent doctor" will record errors in pronunciation, accent, reader breath and record. This allows each patient to witness his or her mistake, do it again .

Gudenberg medical doctor and psychology professor Harald Euler (University of Kassel) have tested on 23 stutterers, they are learning through special courses 3 weeks, then practice at home. The results show that, even with serious stutterers still make significant progress, they speak more fluently and some stuttering errors are negligible.