genius thinking

Which thinking strategies helped Alexander Fleming find penicillin to save millions of lives from mold nearly a century ago, Alexander Graham Bell invented the phone and Thomas

How did Einstein think of finding the special theory of relativity and the famous equation of energy of celestial bodies in space E = mc2?

Please read to the first part of a two-part series of thinking strategies that have created geniuses that contribute to the world in all areas from science to art.