The least known parts of the human body

The hanging intestinal membrane, cerebral lymphatic vessels, the frontal knee ligament are among the parts that contain the most mysterious things in the human body.

Bowel hanging membrane

In order to become an organ in the body, that part has to be interlocked and perform an important function, according to Popular Science. Scientists once thought that the mesenteric membrane (mesentery) is a discrete structure in the digestive system, but according to a study published in the November 2016 issue of Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology, the intestinal mesothelioma is essentially a solid block. .

The new study demonstrates that the mesenteric membrane is a solid organ.(Photo: Limerick University).

"We have now identified the anatomical surface and the structure of the mesenteric membrane. The next step is to find out its function. If we understand the function, we can identify its effect on the intestine. and pathological discovery, "said J Calvin Coffey, a member of the research team at Limerick University, Ireland.

After re-classification, medical students will be taught intestinal mesenterium as a separate organ. It is the peritoneal fold along the abdominal cavity that connects the intestine to the abdominal wall. This body part appeared in the description of the Italian scientist Leonardo da Vinci in 1508 but was ignored for centuries.

Knee ligament

Lateral front ligament (ALL) in front of the knee.(Photo: University Hospital Leuven, Belgium).

For nearly a century, the medical community overlooked a knee component that involved many common sports injuries.

In 1879, Paul Segond, the French surgeon, saw a strip of thread at the patient's knee. This special ligament is a tough tissue, which acts as a bone-connecting device. After the 1970s, its structure and function remained a mystery, so it was very limited.

In 2013, Belgian surgeons studied and correctly identified the upper part as the Anterolateral ligament (ALL) , located on the front of the knee, which connected the femur and tibia. This is a different part from the other 4 ligaments, which helps stabilize bone joints. ALL protects the knee when we rotate our legs and change direction.

Bundle occipital (VOF) in the brain

Location of occipital occlusion (VOF) in the brain.(Photo: Jason Yeatman).

In 2012, Jason Yeatman of the University of Washington, USA and colleagues looked at a bundle of nerve fibers in the brain that seemed to be involved in human reading but was not described in modern medical literature.

After referring to an old medical book in the library, Yeatman found this structure in the brain atlas written by Carl Wernicke, a German neurologist, in 1881. It is called a vertical occipital. fasciculus - VOF).

Yeatman determined the exact location of VOF by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)."The occipital bundle connects important areas of the brain to help recognize shapes, such as identifying a friend's face or reading words, with the brain area helping you move your eyes and focusing on one location. specifically in space, " Yeatman told the Washington Post.

Dua layer behind the eye cornea

The Dua layer is located behind the cornea of ​​the eye.(Photo: Wikimedia).

The dome-shaped Dua layer is a collection of tissues about 15 micrometers thick, located behind the cornea of ​​the eye, according to Live Science. In 2013, Harminder Dua, an eye professor at the University of Nottingham, England, discovered the department. The research results are published in Ophthalmology magazine.

In a statement, Dua said that the new discovery not only changed our understanding of eye structure, but also helped the damaged surgery surgeries in Dua class become safer.

Dua and colleagues believe that corneal edema is caused by water from the Dua layer that erupts and accumulates in the cornea. " Many diseases affect the back of the cornea. The world's ophthalmologist experts refer to the Dua class with the presence or disappearance of tears , " Dua said.

Brain lymphatic vessels

The lymphatic system in the human brain.(Photo: University of Virginia).

The human body has a small duct system called the lymphatic vessels. They transport immune cells throughout the body to fight infection and eliminate waste like dead cells. For centuries, scientists have argued that the brain is the only organ lacking connection to the lymphatic vessels.

In 2015, the research team at the University of Virginia, USA, and European scientists discovered the lymphatic vessels in the meninges. They act as a conduit to nearby lymph nodes. This may explain why immune cells can enter and exit the central nervous system.

The mapping of lymphatic vessels of the brain can help scientists better understand diseases such as Alzheimer's and multiple sclerosis, a brain and spinal cord disorder that reduces nerve function.