What causes earthquakes and tsunamis?

What causes earthquakes and earthquakes to be the only cause of tsunami? Is it possible to predict when earthquakes and tsunamis occur and to prevent these phenomena?

Why are there earthquakes and tsunamis?

Earthquakes, tsunamis are the most devastating disasters of mankind.

Earthquake is the phenomenon of sudden vibration of the earth's crust, strong or weak depending on the game (determined by the Richter) due to the shift of lithosphere or faults in the ground and transmitted through large distances .

A single tremor usually lasts no more than a few seconds, the most serious earthquakes last only a maximum of 3 minutes.

Earthquake occurred in Hualien city of Taiwan

A tsunami is a series of high and strong sea waves, created when a large volume of ocean water is rapidly shifted, with the cause of the earthquake, landslide or volcano erupting under the sea or the fall of large meteorites (rare and not strong). Tsunamis only cause damage in coastal and ocean areas.

Although it only happened in a short time as just said, the consequences of earthquakes and tsunamis are huge. Earthquakes cause buildings, houses to be destroyed, dead people are accompanied by consequences of landslides, fires, etc. and then there are social problems. The consequences will be multiplied when an earthquake occurs where there is a nuclear power plant .

Tens of meters of tsunami can sweep everything into the sea.

Do earthquakes and tsunamis happen frequently? Which matches cause the greatest damage?

Each year on Earth there are about 500,000 to 1 million geological shocks discovered by measuring devices, of which about 100,000 cases can shake the house, tilt a basin of water, which we feel called earthquake and 1,000 real harms.

Tsunamis are mostly submarine earthquakes, sometimes with no major effect (except for some very terrible battles) so they get less attention.

History recorded many serious earthquakes and tsunamis. According to statistics, if considering human damage is an assessment, the biggest earthquake occurred in Sichuan (China) in 2006 with 379,484 deaths (in Chinese History also refers to the earthquake in Shaanxi in 1566, 830,000 people died, but perhaps the number is incorrect. The biggest tsunami was the Indian Ocean tsunami, which killed 230,000 people on December 26, 2004 (Indonesia alone 168,000).

How to know in advance of earthquakes and tsunamis?

Earthquakes are like " the enemy does not declare war " like storms and floods and although science has focused on research with the coordination of many scientific fields: seismology, constructivism, geophysics including chemistry learning and biology but the results are still very modest, if not to say that science is still powerless.

Immediately before the earthquake or tsunami occurred, it was observed that there were signs of animal oil because they probably felt abnormal changes in electrostatic field, lower sound . but not entirely reliable forecasts.

Geological experts say that ' It is important to predict which cities will suffer from earthquakes and tsunamis, but it is not as important as how they do not cause huge losses '.

Tsunamis cannot be accurately predicted, but as a result of earthquakes, it is possible to know more or less. In many coastal areas, tsunami warning systems have been developed for specialized agencies based on the detection of measuring instruments and regular announcements for people.

What methods are available to prevent earthquakes and tsunamis?

As mentioned, it is not possible to leave a living area, as soon as an earthquake occurs quite often, but to find a way to 'live ' with it actively.

Active is:

- In terms of government, it is necessary to disseminate and disseminate knowledge of the community on earthquakes and preventive measures to avoid through mass media, including in the curriculum of all levels; organizing seminars, training to raise awareness of the community so that people can understand, prepare and react promptly when an earthquake occurs.

- When building public buildings, high-rise buildings and important industrial projects, it is necessary to take into account earthquake factors and comply with technical regulations in areas of earthquake risk.

- Establishing a Steering Committee to respond to earthquakes, planning and organizing rehearsals, avoiding earthquakes in each residential area.

In our country, there have been specific Government circulars on this issue for a long time, but the implementation is too slow and uncompromising so it has not done much. The rehearsal for the masses is essential.

Regarding the risk of tsunamis, there must be a warning system at the coast, regular and close monitoring, guiding the community on urgent jobs when the tsunami appears remotely. In many countries, strong and strong anti-tsunami walls are built in densely populated coastal areas, planting protective forests to reduce the destructive energy of waves.

Is Vietnam likely to have an earthquake?

Earthquakes in the world are often concentrated in two zones: the zone around the Pacific and the life from the Mediterranean through Hymalaia round to Malaysia. These two zones are also home to many volcanoes that are extinguished and active.

In Vietnam, earthquakes are mainly concentrated in the northeast of Hanoi , doc along the Red River, Chay River, Da River, Ma River . and the South Central Coast. In 2004, the Institute of Geophysics has mapped possibilities. Many major cities in Vietnam, including Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, may be at risk of earthquakes (Hanoi has a greater risk of earthquakes than Ho Chi Minh City, although recent men have not recorded the battle yet). Any strong earthquake, but only aftershock, Ho Chi Minh City is less risky but because of the weak ground, it is very vulnerable. If there are earthquakes in Hanoi, the strongest is level 7, level 8 according to the Richter scale (which happened in the years 1277, 1278 and 1285).

Earthquake level scenarios and how to respond to each case have been developed. These scenarios should be disseminated to every citizen so that they understand the possibilities and what to do. In general, we must always be alert to this ' enemy who does not declare war '.