What organization help develop tree?

Howard Hughes Medical Institute researchers have just published a new discovery that has been going on for more than a decade about assessing communication between different plant tissue types and showing plants for the first time. how to 'grow'

The study was conducted by Sigal Savaldi-Goldstein and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, putting an end to the centuries-old debate about what tissue system in plants promote and limit cell growth.

Savaldi-Goldstein, a postdoctoral researcher at Chory's lab, said the study showed that there was exchange of information between cells during growth from the outer epidermis to the inner layers. Such form of communication is very important in maintaining reasonable and rigorous growth on plant germs.

Chory's team is interested in identifying the mechanism by which plants change in shape and size to adapt to changing environments. Chory used Arabidopsis as a mustard-like trait like geneticists used mice for experiments.

In the picture is the germ of Arabidopsis plants.On the left is a wild plant, on the right is the result of hormonal receptor growth regulation (bri1) and in the middle is bri 1 in plants that receptors are transmitted only on L1 layer (epidermis) .

So how do these mechanisms determine where is the time of growth, what is the end time? . These are extremely important questions for plants because they are rooted in the soil and forced to change shape and size to cope with the surrounding environment. So that is the requirement for survival. Chory said it took them 10 years to exploit all the ways to answer this question and was very pleased with the results.

This study, published in the journal Nature on March 8, 2007, as we know roots and sprouts, are two important organs in the plant, and scientists conducted a survey on germs and three layers of lateral tissue. in contributing to the creation of the germ system, including: protective epidermis with wax-like texture; The tissue layer contains chloroplast cells that help in the process of integration and the vascular tissue helps transport water and nutrients.

For the past decade, Chory has conducted a series of important discoveries related to the major plant hormones called brassinosteroids (hayBAs) - hormones that regulate growth as well as the effects of these hormones and Genetic factors help regulate the production and absorption of hormones in different plant tissue layers.

According to Chory, BAs are growth hormones that greatly affect the plant's light response . These reactions include regulating plant growth for plants to pick up light and strengthening leaf stem cells, which is at the heart of plant survival. BAs biosynthesis has become an important part of biological research with important applications in agricultural trade.

The problem with long-term debate is whether one of these tissue layers controls plant growth or whether all three layers of tissue work together. Chory said more research indicates that the epidermis is the body that controls both promotion and growth. In addition, cells in the epidermis ' communicate ' with the cells of the inner layers convey that they should grow.

Savaldi-Goldstein discovered signs of growth originating in the epidermis by experimenting with low Arabidopsis plants and the expression of BAs hormones on the outer and inner layers of the germ.

When BAs are expressed and affected by receptors of the epidermis, these Arabidopsis plants grow to their fullest extent. Savaldi-Goldstein and Chory also found that when a gene in the expression epidermis was inactivated by BAs, the plant would be restricted to growth. Therefore, cell signaling is initiated in the epidermis and continues into the inner tissue layers to control growth or restriction.

The outer epidermis helps plants retain water and regulates gas exchange, plays an environmental observation role, communicates to plant tissues when conditions are appropriate for growth or repression under unfavorable conditions. well suited. Further research is needed to identify all signs of an intimate relationship between the cells of the epidermis and the inner cells of the germ.

Chory added that their research shows that the primary target tissue for steroid hormones is the epidermis, which works locally, as similar studies are conducted on a hormone of a kind. Other plants and in other organs such as roots, we will know the key sites of plant hormones and can create model models to predict how they work together to significantly increase the diversity of shapes and forms in flowering plants.

In a short period of time, research is an important part of the basics of plant growth and survival. However, research still needs to have more general results.

Chory concludes that if you want to feed more than 9 billion people on Earth by 2050, it is necessary to recognize the basic mechanisms of plant growth. It has the ability to increase production while still reducing fertilizer and pesticides.

Anh Phuong