XMM-Newton and the observation signs on the

XMM-Newton X-ray data from XMM-Newton (X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission - Newton: X-ray observatory device) of ESA (European Space Agency) and all fund observatories The term was first used to examine the physical processes that make up the magnetars - a class of atypical neutron stars, emitting X-rays.

The neutron stars are the remaining traces of giant stars (10-50 times the mass of our sun) after subsiding to the center under their enormous mass effects. Created by almost all neutron particles, these dead stars concentrate a much greater mass of our sun in a sphere about 20 km in diameter.

They are so compact that a teaspoon of matter containing neutron stars also has a mass of approximately 1 million tons. Two different physical properties describe the characteristics of a neutron star with fast rotation and strong magnetic fields.

Magnetars are a form of neutron stars with super strong magnetic fields. Their magnetic field is 1000 times stronger than conventional neutron stars, which are known as the strongest magnets in the universe.

As a comparison, we will need 10 million million ordinary magnets to create such a large magnetic field (an example is that most of the media used to store data will be deleted immediately if The magnetic field is slightly weaker than 1 million million times 1).

Moreover, about 15 magnetars have been discovered so far, five of them are known as weak gamma ray generators (SGR-soft gamma repeater), because they emit large and short explosions (lasting 0 , 1 second) of low-energy gamma rays and hard X-rays in a discrete way.

On the other hand, about 10 are linked to abnormal X-ray pulses, or AXP (X-ray pulsar anomalous). Although the SGR and AXP are known for the first time as different objects, we now know that they share many of their properties and activities held up by their strong magnetic fields.

Magnetars are different from 'normal' neutron stars because their inner magnetic field is thought to be strong enough to coax the shell of the star. Like a circuit fed by giant batteries, the twisting produces currents in the form of electrons that drift around the star. These currents interact with radiation coming from the surface of the star, producing X-rays.

Until now, scientists could not test their hypotheses. Because it is impossible to create a super strong magnetic field in laboratories on Earth.

To understand this strange phenomenon, a team led by scientists led by Dr. Nanda Rea at the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands, used XMM-Newton and all data to study electric clouds. The dense element around all magnetars is known, for the first time.

Rea's team found signs that large electron currents actually existed, and it was possible to measure electron intensity 1000 times stronger in a 'normal' crystal. They also conducted velocity measurements at electron flows.

With it, scientists are now able to establish the phenomenological relationship observed with a real physical process, an important clue in the difficult problem of understanding objects in the Universe. cylinder.

The team of scientists is working hard to develop and test more detailed models on the same method, in order to fully understand the activity of matter under the influence of strong magnetic fields.