5 most amazing surgical methods in the world

In 1967, the first heart transplant was performed. Since then, this procedure has saved the lives of about 5,000 every year around the world.

According to the World Health Organization, by 2012, a total of 312.9 million people had heart transplant surgery. This is just one of thousands of surgical procedures that change the lives of many people around the world every day.

Here are five of the world's most exotic and incredible surgical methods to date.

Turn the ankle into the knee

Girl Gabi can become a dancer thanks to the method of turning her ankle into a knee

Rotationplasty is a special form of reconstructive surgery that allows the ankle to be used as a knee joint. The procedures involved in surgical removal of the bottom of the upper femur, knee and tibia. The lower part of the leg is then rotated 180 degrees and attached to the thigh. Simply put, the foot is attached to the rear knee. Once the prosthetic leg is inserted, the ankle functions like a knee.

Rotationplasty is usually done in children with malignant bone tumors - such as osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma - near the knee that do not respond to other treatments.

The main purpose of the rotationplasty is to completely remove the tumor, but in a way that allows a child to have an active lifestyle, which will not be possible with full amputation.

A great example of the success of this procedure is Gabi Shull, 14, from Missouri, USA. Gabi said, this method has changed her life. At 9 years old, Gabi was diagnosed with osteosarcoma at the knee. The tumor did not work, and after 12 weeks of chemotherapy, Gabi and her parents decided to choose this new treatment. Only 1 year after surgery, Gabi was able to walk again and 2 years later, she was a good dancer."Surgery has allowed me to do more than I expected , " she told The Daily Mail.

Restore vision with . patient's teeth

Recreate fake eyes from teeth and cheeks.

This method is called OOKP, which stands for the first letters of osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis. The first case was done in 1960 by Professor Benedetto Strampelli, of the San Camillo Hospital in Italy.

OOKP can be used for patients who are blind due to irreversible damage to the cornea, the outer layer of the eye when other treatments fail.

This process involves removing the patient's fangs and surrounding bone. Then one drilled a hole in the tooth and stuffed it into the plastic eyeglasses. The tooth-glass structure is then implanted in the patient's cheek, where it develops new blood vessels in a few months. This structure is then removed from the cheek and implanted into the eye. Light can move through this lens and restore the patient's vision.

In 2013, The Telegraph reported that an English man had regained his eyesight after experiencing OOKP. In 1999, Ian Tibbetts lost his eyesight completely after a workplace accident. In December 2012, Ian underwent OOKP at Sussex Eye Hospital - the only hospital in the UK to implement the process - and for the first time see his children.

Cut off half of the hemisphere

Remove half the hemisphere of the brain to treat epilepsy.

The brain is the most complex organ of the human body, containing billions of neurons that act as command centers for physical and psychological functions. Hemispherectomy methods involving the removal of part or total or disconnection of either hemisphere is considered a progressive method, which can take up to 12 hours to complete.

This method is usually performed on people with neurological disorders that cause seizures on one side of the brain. These disorders include severe seizures, perinatal stroke, hemimegalencephaly (where one side of the brain is larger than the other), Sturge-Weber-Dimitri disease (characterized by facial wounds, glaucoma and convulsions) and encephalitis of Rasmussen (cortical encephalitis).

According to The Hemispherectomy Foundation, removal of hemispherectomy is most effective in children, because the other half of the brain can compensate for some of the lost functions by eliminating the other half.

Patients who undergo hemispherectomy will have some paralysis on the side of their body opposite the hemisphere, and they often lose sensation or function in their hands and fingers. However, in many cases, the benefits of surgery outweigh the risks and side effects.

A 17-year-old girl named Karley Miller from Australia, who underwent this procedure due to epilepsy. She said: "I can't go anywhere without my mother following me. Even when taking a bath, I don't dare to close the door so that I can call people to come and support me." Ever since Karley had undergone surgery to remove the brain, she no longer had convulsions and was living a happier, happier life.

Match two hearts at the same time

Normally, humans have only one heart. For people who have a heart transplant, doctors cut off a broken heart and replace it with a new healthy heart. Heart transplants have saved more than 2,000 lives every year in the United States. However, for those who cannot accept the new heart or the heart of a donor who does not work alone, doctors have used heterosexual heart transplantation, allowing a person with two hearts to work together. in the body.

Heterosexual heart transplant is both heart surgery, allowing blood from the injured heart to flow into the new heart. The new heart can pump blood around the body.

In 2011, researchers from the University of California-San Diego, USA reported performing this rare surgical procedure for a man named Tyson Smith, who suffered from heart failure. Dr. Michael Madani, of the Heart Center of California-San Diego Sulpizio explained: "Removing the old heart and replacing it with a new heart will cause the heart to fail, because the blood pressure is too high. work together, two hearts share work and complete tasks ".

 

In 2013, Italian neurosurgeon Dr. Sergio Canavero published proposals to perform the world's first transplant - a procedure he believes is capable of treating paralysis due to Neuropathy or disability.

The procedure called HEAVEN-GEMINI - will involve splitting the head of healthy recipients and donors by using "super sharp blades" to avoid spinal cord injury. The first head implant in the world was conducted in December 2017.

The recipient's head and the donor's body will then be placed in deep hypothermia for about 45 minutes to reduce nerve damage. The recipient's head is then attached to the donor's body by using spinal cord fusion. This surgery lasts 36 hours with the participation of 150 skilled doctors and nurses and costs about 11 million USD.

After completing the procedure, the recipient will be kept in a coma for 3-4 weeks, to minimize movement and ensure nerve connections between the neck and spine have time to merge together.

Dr. Canavero told Medical News Today that the first human transplant was done in December 2017 and this is no longer a science fiction movie.