Acromegaly: A rare disease that causes adults to grow uncontrollably

Acromegaly, also known as 'big head,' is a rare but serious endocrine disorder that occurs when the body produces too much growth hormone over a long period of time. Although uncommon, the condition can cause serious complications if not diagnosed and treated promptly.

It is estimated that 50-70 out of every million people have acromegaly. However, the actual number may be higher because the symptoms of the disease develop slowly and are often not recognized early. Notably, acromegaly does not discriminate by gender, with men and women being equally at risk .

Acromegaly does not discriminate by gender; men and women are equally at risk.

Acromegaly occurs when the pituitary gland, a small gland at the base of the brain responsible for hormone production, produces excess amounts of growth hormone. This hormone plays an important role in regulating the growth of bones, muscles, and other organs.

Most cases of acromegaly are related to the presence of noncancerous tumors (adenomas) in the pituitary gland. These tumors stimulate the pituitary gland to produce excessive growth hormone. In rare cases, tumors in other organs such as the lungs or pancreas can also be the cause, when they produce growth hormone or stimulate the pituitary gland to become overactive.

Additionally, certain rare genetic syndromes such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) or Carney complex can also increase the risk of developing acromegaly. These disorders facilitate the abnormal growth of tumors in the endocrine glands.

Acromegaly usually appears after puberty, most commonly between the ages of 40 and 50. Typical symptoms are abnormal enlargement of the bones, especially in the hands, feet, and face.

Acromegaly usually appears after puberty, most commonly between the ages of 40 and 50.

Patients often notice changes in facial features such as a disproportionately large nose, tongue, jaw, or lips. Additionally, the skin becomes thicker, body hair grows more, and joint pain and excessive sweating occur. Some patients also experience headaches, vision loss, or irregular menstrual periods in women.

Serious complications can occur if the disease is not treated promptly , including: Type 2 diabetes; High blood pressure; Sleep apnea (when the airway is temporarily blocked during sleep); Cardiovascular disease.

In addition, acromegaly can also reduce the average life expectancy of the patient by about 10 years if not controlled.

Acromegaly is often confused with gigantism, another disorder that involves abnormally high levels of growth hormone. However, the difference lies in when it begins. Gigantism begins in childhood, when the bone growth plates are still active, while acromegaly appears in adulthood, after the growth plates have closed.

Acromegaly is a complex but treatable condition.

Because symptoms develop slowly and can be easily confused with other conditions, acromegaly is often diagnosed years later. Early detection not only reduces the risk of complications, but also increases the chance of successful treatment, especially in cases where the tumor is small and can be surgically removed.

Acromegaly is a complex disease but can be effectively treated if diagnosed early. A clear understanding of the symptoms, causes and treatments will help patients be more proactive in protecting their health. Doctors and medical staff also need to raise awareness to detect the disease early, thereby providing appropriate solutions, improving the quality of life and prolonging the life of patients.