Did you know the Four Great Kings of the world science village?

The Nobel Prize is one of the highest honors in life that a scientist has a great honor to achieve, even dreaming of not being able to touch. Yet there are 4 brilliant people that twice received the prestigious award, becoming the world's outstanding monument in the field of scientific research.

In the world, only 4 people have won noble prizes twice. Below is the name of the four outstanding scientists.

Marie Curie

The first name we need to know is the famous Polish scientist Marie Sklodowska Curie, who dedicates all the acclaim and praise of the world in both works related to Physics and Chemistry.

Famous Polish scientist Marie Curie.

However, what few would have expected of her first Nobel title was almost missed out. Specifically, in 1903, the French Academy of Sciences only nominated two names Henri Becquerel and Pierre Curie for the Nobel Prize for Physics. As soon as he learned of this information, Gösta Mittag-Leffler was extremely angry and approached his point of view with Pierre. Later, Pierre Curie responded and responded to Gösta with a decisive and decisive letter:

"I am extremely grateful for my achievement, which ultimately contributed a small part to the scientific development of humanity and was nominated for this prestigious award. However, I am looking forward to even more steps. with Lady Curie - who is very important for our research on radioactive nature, as well as her breakthrough findings on the atomic mass of radium . ", Pierre said.

After much discussion and adjustment of opinion, Marie was finally included in the nomination list, and in December 1903, all three great scientists, Becquerel and the Curie couple, were honored to receive this noble title. During the award ceremony, the Curie discovery of the elements polonium and radium has not been mentioned, because chemists from the Council of Directors have identified their research projects can absolutely deserve a another symbol of Nobel for Chemistry.

Then something must come, the second time the name Curie was called and all praise was in December 1911. However, an unfortunate event happened to the "heavenly" couple of the main scientific world. was Pierre's sudden departure in 1906, so Marie accepted this award, as a meaningful tribute to her dear husband. The work of the two involved a discovery of polonium and radium - two elements that have a much higher level of radioactivity than uranium (the first radioactive material found).

Linus Pauling

Pauling is the only name to win two Nobel titles for himself. A Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954, honoring his research on the characteristics and nature of chemical bonds . 8 years later, his positive move in the idea of ​​advocating Peace in the time of the Cold War, at the same time opposing the use of nuclear weapons helped him win the Nobel Peace Prize 1962 .

Pauling is the only name to win two Nobel titles for himself.

Emerging as an outstanding model in the chemistry of the 20th century, this American scientist has revolutionized the way we have been studying the function and function of molecules as well. such as applying quantum physics to chemistry. He also led many intensive projects related to hydrogen bonding and the structure and mechanism of hemoglobin in red blood cells.

In the late 1940s, fearing the danger of a nuclear war between the great powers, he drafted and submitted a letter calling for a stop to develop the atomic bomb, due to great harm. Its cause causes thousands of cases of cancer worldwide even when it is only in the testing phase. 8000 signatures of scientists from 49 different countries were collected, culminating in the official announcement of the Nuclear Test Stop Treaty in 1963.

John Bardeen

Today, enjoying the hottest music on the radio, favorite programs on TV or chatting freely and updating information quickly through vehicles such as phones, Internet is becoming increasingly popular. in everyday life. All of these are thanks to the great merits of the only scientist who brought two Nobel Prizes for his own: John Bardeen.

Twice scientist won the Nobel Prize in Physics John Bardeen.

In fact, Bardeen is an electronic engineer who started his research from a very early age - 15 years of age, showed a different passion than his peers - and soon gained a PhD in Physics at Princeton University. This famous school is also where he delves further into the field of atomic structural analysis and semiconductor properties.

A few years later, Bardeen went on to Bell Labs, where he, along with his partner, Walter Brattain, successfully invented a semiconductor transmission device - a breakthrough design that was completely superior to the foot tube. It is not applicable to machines from past to present, including headphones to TV . This is also the deciding factor to help Bardeen receive the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956 (together with William B. Shockley).

From a semiconductor platform, Bardeen proceeds to improve and develop superconductors - materials that allow electrical loads without wasting energy. It was also the premise for the condom theory of superconductors ("B" for Bardeen) which helped him win the Nobel Prize in 1972.

Frederick Sanger

The last character in the column today is Frederick Sanger, a biochemical "believer" who has succeeded in identifying the amino acid sequence in protein by studying the mechanism of insulin - essential hormones for too Glucose metabolism, it was then honored to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1958.

His work also describes in detail the bonding of the chemical chain of insulin (1963) capable of self-synthesizing proteins in a laboratory environment. This is indeed a great step forward for the field of diabetes treatment.

Frederick Sanger's research is a great step forward in the field of diabetes treatment.

In addition, in 1980, a similar title was added to Sanger's hands when he discovered the "reading" method of DNA , paving the way for later studies in terms of human genetic code. In fact, Sanger was also the one who discovered the basic sequence of nucleic acid (including adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil), which is the knowledge base for writing the famous "The Book of Life" .

Besides.

Besides the four outstanding names that come with their own "double" achievements, there are two more research institutions that have received many awards and honors from the Swedish Academy. First must go to the Red Cross - International Humanitarian Organization so far has won three Nobel Peace Prizes. UNHCR - United Nations Refugee Support Council and its remarkable achievements were also twice registered.

Moreover, we cannot ignore the excellence of not one but two generations of the Curies, with more than four times the Nobel prize already belongs to the members of the prestigious family. Irène Joliot-Curie - their first daughter also touched the same title as her father in the field of research on artificial radioactivity, winning the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935.