Handbook of accident first aid at home

When burned, quickly cool the wound with cold water or apply cold for at least 5 minutes and cover the burn with a sterile gauze bandage.

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Basic first aid methods at home

Dr. Cao Hung Phu, Director of Saigon General Hospital, instructs how to provide first aid to common accidents in the family as follows:

1. Burns:

First, it is necessary to determine the extent of burns before first aid, at each level of burns there will be different first aid methods:

- Minor burns : The skin turns red, may be accompanied by swelling, pain or patchy, reddening, causing much pain and swelling, the wound diameter does not exceed 5-8cm. Then it is necessary to cool the burn with cold water or apply cold for at least 5 minutes and cover the burn with a sterile gauze bandage. If you feel pain, you can give an over-the-counter pain reliever such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen (aleve) .

Note:

Do not use stones placed directly on the burn as it can cause frostbite and further damage the skin. Do not break the blister because it is very easy to infect. Do not give aspirin to children or adolescents

Severe burns: Wounds larger than 5-8cm in diameter or burns in places such as hands, feet, face, groin, buttocks, large joints . The most severe burns are usually painless and may lesions on all layers of skin, fat, muscle and even bone. The injured area may be black or dry and white, difficult to breathe. First aid steps should be taken as follows:

1. Take the patient out of the fire, smoke and heat areas.
2. Check for signs of circulation (breathing, coughing or movement), if necessary, perform resuscitation.
3. Cover the burn area, use a clean, sterile bandage, damp clothes or a damp cloth.
4. Call emergency immediately or get help from the nearest medical staff.
5. Do not soak heavy burns and large areas into cold water as doing so can be shocking.

When burned, cool the wound under running water.(Photo: socupsg)

2. Fracture the neck, arms and legs

If the victim is found to have signs of fracture such as deformed joint, heavy bleeding, slight pressure or slight movement, it can cause pain, bone puncturing the skin, the head of the limb is numb, fingers or toes, cyanosis . Take them to the emergency as soon as possible. While waiting for medical intervention, caregivers need to take first aid steps as follows:

1. Hemostatic: Press the wound tightly with a sterile bandage or a clean cloth and clothes.
2. Immobilize the injured area, re-position the injury area if you have been trained in professional. If not, don't try to correct the bone.
3. Apply ice to reduce swelling and relieve pain. Do not apply directly to the skin but wrap it in a towel, cloth or other material before applying it.
4. Place the victim with a head position slightly lower than your body and hold your feet high to prevent shock.

3. Hormones

When an adult or an older child suffers from a hysterectomy, perform a abdominal push (also called a Heimlich maneuver) as shown below to apply pressure to push the object out.

Abdominal push method (also known as Heimlich maneuver).

For babies, keep your baby lying down on your forearm with the head lower than the body. Use your hand to gently pat but firmly and firmly, repeat 5 times until you remove the object.

In severe cases or foreign bodies that have not been outside, after the first aid call, call immediately or immediately or seek emergency help from medical personnel.

4. Electric shock

First aid steps when electrocuted as follows:

1. Turn off the power to contact the sick person. Please use non-conductive items such as cardboard, wood plastic to disconnect the power.
2. Check breathing circulatory signs, conduct CPR when necessary.
3. Place the victim with a head position slightly lower than your body and hold your feet high to prevent shock.
4. Call for emergency immediately if you see a victim with electric shock with symptoms of cardiac arrhythmia or cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, cyanosis or apnea, muscle pain and contractions, convulsions, numbness and tinnitus, unconsciousness. .

To prevent electric shock, do not design electrical outlets that are within the reach of children. (Photo: News).

5. Broken, broken hands

1. Hemostasis: lightly press on the wound with a cloth or bandage, hold for 20 to 30 minutes.
2. Clean the wound with clean water. Do not wash with soap.
3. Use clean tweezers and alcohol to remove foreign objects (if any).
4. For severe wounds, go to the nearest hospital for prompt treatment, avoid infection and tetanus.

In the case of broken hands:

1. Use a clean cloth or a clean plastic bag to contain a broken limb, add 2-3 plastic layers and put in a cold ice pack.
2. Garo stained (tightly wrapped) the way on the wound 3-5cm. The garnet twists slowly until the blood runs out.
3. For victims with low head, high legs, remember to warm the body. Loosen the garo every 15 minutes.
4. Take the victim to the hospital as soon as possible, put the victim in a lying position. Do not leave for more than 18 hours.

Note: Avoid contact with loose pieces of limb. Do not apply directly oxygen, iodine and iodine solution to an open wound as it can irritate living cells.

6. Sprain

Sprain often occurs in the ankles, knees or bow feet. In this case, the ligament will swell quickly and pain. The first aid steps are as follows:

1. Keep fixed, not to be more vulnerable.
2. Apply ice to the affected area by applying a cold towel, a wet towel or a bag filled with cold water. Try to apply ice as soon as possible after injury but do not apply ice for too long because it can cause tissue damage.
3. To limit swelling, raise the injured limb whenever possible.
4. Take the victim to the hospital for proper examination and treatment.

7. Fever, convulsions

1. Place the child in a flat, airy place. Loosen your child's clothing, especially in the neck area or remove all clothes.
2. Use a clean towel to dip into warm water, squeeze out water and wipe all over young people, especially the groin area, armpit, neck and forehead. Wipe and wipe again and again until the child has stopped seizure.
3. When a high fever, convulsions, children can not take antipyretic drugs, they must quickly put antipyretics by anal route every 10-15 mg per kg of body weight. For example, 10-kg infants consume about 100-150 mg of paracetamol.
4. Lay the baby on his side to the side, the head of the pillow in a safe position and slightly upside down to avoid vomiting and foaming on the edge of the spill into the life-threatening sticks of the lungs.
5. Quickly take children to emergency care for early treatment and prevent recurrence of seizures.