Ship history (part 2)

3. Ships use propellers.

While in the United States pioneers are experimenting with ships, in other countries, progress has also been made. In 1812, the British inaugurated the ship transport between Glasgow and Helensburgh, and two years later, two ships began to sail down the Thames. Thanks to Stevens and Fulton for demonstrating the ship's ability, inventors began to find ways to improve engines as well as shipbuilding. At first, these technologists were affected by the diagrams and tools of the sailboats so at first the ships had masts and sails while the engines were considered to be dependent parts. . The water pedal is still in use, Stevens' proof of the propeller has been forgotten by people.

Gradually the reforms also appeared, wooden hulls were replaced with iron, steel back. The more powerful and more powerful the engines became, the more water wheels were replaced with propellers. While these improvements are being made, ships also increase in size, in terms of transport capacity and long-range transport. All these advances have led to the development of the transatlantic maritime industry.

The first sailing by ship was made in 1818 by Savanna ships carrying letters and goods. This ship ran on New York - Le Havre route.The Savanna ship is fitted with an engine and a water pedal with side characteristics and for 80 hours of transport , the steam engine has been used to speed up the train.

Royal William was commissioned by Sammuel Cunard and his colleagues in 1883 in Quebec
crossing the Atlantic Ocean with a record time of 25 days (Photo: unb)

But the legitimate honor of crossing the ocean with the full power of steam must be reserved for the Curacao ship, a Dutch ship departing from Rotterdam to the West Indies in 1827. Within 10 years, many The other ship has completed many dangerous crossing and more and less time travel.The most memorable is the Royal William's record of 25 days of crossing the Atlantic , by Sammuel Cunard and his collaborators in 1883 in Quebec. These crossings have shown that sea-going ships are more suitable to run on the river, and many companies are set up to build ships for regular trips.

John Ericsson (Photo: instoneinc)

In 1838, the British and American Steam Navigation Company (the British and American Steam Navigation) began operating with a 703-ton Sirius ship. The more perfect engines also appear gradually, allowing ships to travel further distances, carrying more passengers and goods. The crossing time was also shortened and recorded for 15 days with the Great Western, weighing 1440 tons, founded by Cunard Line in 1840.

Although at this time, the ship's speed achieved 9 nautical miles an hour thanks to the more powerful engines, most ships still use sails to take advantage of the sweep. While reel wheels proved appropriate for use on rivers and lakes, people found this way of pushing ineffectively and inconveniently with sea-going ships. Years ago, propellers were used at the Clermont ship running on the Hudson River. In 1836, the propeller was witnessed by two inventors in two separate places: those of Mr. FP Smith of English and John Ericsson of Swedish, US citizenship. Many experiments with small propellers have shown that when using a ship propeller, there is more power, while saving more fuel than using a roller wheel.

In fact, the propeller advantage is only demonstrated when a Great Britain ship launched in Bristol in 1844 . This is a large ship, 96 meters long and 3,440 tons in tonnage. The ship is equipped with a 200-horsepower 4-cylinder engine, so it ran at a speed of 12 knots. In addition to using propellers, the hull is constructed of iron, all of these advantages have made the ship a "revolutionary" title .

Since 1856, US ships still use reel wheels. Nine years ago, 1850 tons of Herman and Washington ships were launched between Bremen and New York, and a few years later a New York highway - Le Havre. Wooden ship crews and the use of shaped reels, initially received government subsidies but after many accidents, the allowance was rejected. When ships are made of wood and use the reels on the Atlantic Ocean, the influx of immigrants to the Americas increases. So starting in 1850, many advanced ships were built for North German Lloyd companies, Hamburg-American Lines, British-Inman Line and Cunard Line to transport a large number of passengers. These ships have an iron shell and all use propellers.

Great Eastern vessel is over 180 meters long, with a tonnage of 18,900 tons (Photo: arnygrimbear)

One of the biggest events in shipbuilding history was the creation of the Great Eastern ship. This ship was built to trade with Australia and the Far East, so it was sampled based on the Great Britain ship.The Great Eastern vessel is over 180 meters long and has a tonnage of 18,900 tons, and to be sure of the propulsion, the whole-wheeled vehicle uses a 3,400-horsepower motor with a propeller driven by another 4,800-horsepower other engine. . The ship was launched in 1851 but ran aground as soon as it hit the water. Shipbuilding company went bankrupt. Then this ship was sold to run on the Atlantic, but this was not appropriate when the ship spread the cable across the ocean.

More and more technicians find ways to improve ships, how to save fuel and increase power. Since 1854, dual engines have been applied to ships. Double propellers were also used from 1862 to 3-layer and 4-layer propellers.

After Sir Charles Algernon Parsons invented a turbine engine, the first ship to be fitted with this type of engine was Turbinia. This ship was built at Clyde factory in 1894 and ran at 34 knots.In 1905, the Carmania ship with a tonnage of 19,000 tons was fitted with a turbine engine . The success of this type of engine made people close two more ships, Mauretania and Lusitania. The 31,900-ton Mauretania, with a 68,000-hp turbine engine and four-layer propeller, achieved a speed of 25 knots. This trans-ocean ship has held a record for 22 years in a row.

The Carmania ship with a tonnage of 19,000 tons was fitted with a turbine engine (Photo: ca.geocities)

In addition to turbine engines, technicians also use diesel engines to ship.Since 1903, Wandal has used diesel engines to generate electricity . At first diesel engines were only used for cargo ships, but since 1924, passenger ships were also fitted with this type of engine. The first large diesel engine was the Gripsholm finished in 1925. Two years later, the diesel engine was used for the Augustus ship 32,000 tons of Navigazione Generale Italiana.

Since 1930, diesel engines have been used for most ships and although there is no smoke as before, the traditional chimneys are not completely abandoned because they are also used to evaporate into the air. .

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