After decades of limited success, scientists say their research is reaching a turning point, with many predicting cancer vaccines within the next five years.
Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent disease, personalized cancer vaccines are created for use in people who already have cancer.
Scientists have discovered a protein that can directly block DNA damage.
The mRNA vaccine to prevent melanoma is expected to launch in 2025, after being approved by US and European regulators.
Russian President Vladimir Putin said the country's scientists are close to creating a cancer vaccine and can soon provide it to patients.
According to CDC (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), about 14 million Americans are infected with HPV each year.
With similar immunosuppression mechanisms, US scientists have removed both the main tumor and distant metastases in the bodies of experimental mice with cancer.
The first person to test the new vaccine was revealed by Moderna Therapeutics to be a lung cancer patient. This patient had a tumor but had surgery removed.