The mystery of treasure in the epic Homere.

Heinrich Schliemann

The episodes of Israel and Odee (Illiade and Odyssée) are the great literary works of ancient Greece written from the great creative minds of a blind man named Homere. About 3000 years later, a German businessman named Heinrich Schliemann, based on the two episodes of Israel and Odee, unearthed the ruins of Troie Citadel, which was buried deep in the ground more than 2,000 years ago and found "Warehouse Priam treasure " in the northeast of Xiasia peninsula. The German merchant also discovered the grave of Mycènes in a ravine on the Borobennisa peninsula and dug a treasure buried deep underground for 3000 years, making the treasures see the sun again. .

In northern Germany, a small town called Mekhbaobang has a poor pastor.On a day of 1832, he donated 10-year-old Schliemann a book of World History, written by Yeleer , as a birthday present. I pray for the baby to love this birthday present. Schliemann was originally a very curious boy but due to his poor family, he had to quit school at 14 to work for a grocery store. During his teenage years and youth, he had to save three lives.

In 1856, Heinrich Schliemann began learning modern Greek and ancient Greek. Because of his great intelligence, he learned very fast. One and a half months, he finished studying modern Greek, then studied for two months in ancient Greek. When mastered the poetic laws in Homere's epic, Schliemann intended to vain, deciding to excavate an ancient citadel mentioned in the epic. In the spring of 1869, Schliemann performed his great dream.

As described in the epic of Homere, there are two underground streams near Troie Citadel: "The underground stream of hot water, the steam rising up and flying up into the air is like a hot smokescreen; on the contrary, its water even in summer is as cold as snow. "

In April 1870, Schliemann received a permit to excavate the site of the Turkish official. He embarked on the excavation of the Troie Citadel, which had been submerged in Mount Xisalihk with the wish to recreate the old Wall of Civilization.

Schliemann unearthed Troie Citadel

Excavation work was started in January 1871 and lasted for 3, 4 years because of continuous interruption. In the middle of March 1873, Heinrich Schliemann again excavated a large area of ​​the land north of Mount Hissarlik. But this excavation, he was a bit disappointed, because the site was a bit small, barely enough to describe the magnificent scale of Troie City that he had imagined through Homere's description. But he also considered, as a poet, for every incident, Homere must exaggerate many times. Perhaps that is why in three digging times, he could not find any gold ingots or gold preparations.

On one morning (the day before June 15) in the light of the sun, Schliemann and his wife stood next to an ancient city wall at a depth of 29 yards. Suddenly, he saw a green bronze object lying on the bottom of the wall. As he moved closer, he discovered that behind the green mass there was something that emitted a golden glow. Schliemann immediately called his wife to come and whisper into his wife's ear "for workers to leave immediately, run quickly".

After the mechanic disbanded, Schliemann gently used the dirt around the green mass.Finally in the ground revealed the glittering light of gold, the light of ivory. His wife dropped the red shawl to pack each treasure. Among these treasures, the most valuable are two magnificent golden crowns, which are mesmerizingly beautiful from the first eye. The big crown was made from 1784 really beautiful gold plates. Around it, there were also 75 short ropes, 18 long strings, each made of gold pieces of peaches. The short strands drooped in front of the team's forehead,

Gold objects were excavated from Troie Citadel

long strands hanging down on the shoulders of the team. The face of the person wearing a crown was surrounded by a golden light. The second crown is the same as the first, but the ropes are hooked to the ends of the gold leaves, the rear wire is relatively short, covering only two tufts of hair. The technology of manufacturing these two crowns is very sophisticated and flawless. In addition, Schliemann also excavated 7 gold rings, 2 gold cups, 3 agate cups, 4 big gold boxes inside, containing 65 earloops, and 8600 small silver cups; There are also perforated prisms, buttons, . gold ingots and small items made of cesium, silver flower pots, copper, weapons, dumbbells.

Until his death, Schliemann still believed that the above treasures were the property of King Priam of Troie. Of course, this is Troi Troi, the palace of King Priam and the treasure in Troie City described by Homere's pen. There is no reason for Schliemann to believe. He said: All the equipment in his hand is the jewelry of Meilun MeliiuMa, the most beautiful woman in the world, who caused Troie City to be destroyed in an instant.

Schliemann lost less than 3 years, his reasoning and judgment were rejected by archaeologists. Archaeologists have found the owner of the above treasures is King Bipriamne, which is 1,500 years old.

Although Schliemann's judgment was flawed, his findings were still incomparably valuable, so he still received praise from the audience. His assistants and successors, with their strong faith and tireless efforts, unearthed the Troie Citadel as Homere described, all counting six cities. But the first and greatest merit for Troie City once again saw the Sun still belonged to Heinrich Schliemann - He had a faith in the great things that Homere wrote.

Before excavating Troie Citadel, Schliemann thought of excavating Mycènes Citadel located in the northeast of Borobennisa peninsula. Because he is knowledgeable and interested in the epic Homere, he has repeatedly noticed that when Homere described Mycènes Citadel, he added clusters of visualizations such as "a lot of gold" , "a yellow", "prosperity. honor ". Under the pen of Homere, if Thanh Troie is very rich, Mycènes Citadel is richer.

In August 1876, Schliemann came to a deserted ravine on Borobennisa. In the west of the mountain, the wall was built with huge rocks, in the middle of which opened a large mountain gate, there were two lions looking very majestic on the face, which is the world famous Lion Door.

According to judgment, this golden mask is a war item for Troie City.According to the legend, Quoc Vuong Mycènes was Agamemnon, and he was also the commander of the Greek army during the War of Troi.

Here, archaeologists have repeatedly searched for the grave of King Agamemnon. Based on subjective judgment, they arbitrarily explained the records of the 2nd Century BC historians. Although there is no base, they still decide that King Agamemnon's grave is outside the wall. Meanwhile, Schliemann relied on notes to make a judgment that the King's grave had three other comrades located inside the wall, not outside.

Schliemann began excavating the area around the Lion's Door from September 7, 1876 . Not long after, preliminary results proved that the path he chose was accurate. In a place 50 meters away from the Lion's Door, not far from the One-Eye Giant's wall, they dug a 90-meter-long, 15-foot-wide hole.

Below a hole, a circle is made of flat stones that come together 90 meters in diameter. The soil in the circle has been flattened, in this flat land there is a slab of stone that is straightened like a tombstone. The relief on the stone plate was badly damaged, it was hard to tell if the bottom of the slab was a grave.

Since then, the ravine of Borobennisa has become the focus of the whole world.

The Schliemann couple excavated a total of 5 graves and discovered the 6th person in Sitamasaji. All of these graves are in circles made by stone slabs. In fact, in the circle is also a tomb, considered a public graveyard, this before Schliemann is unknown.

Sophia Schliemann

The tombs are square, the depth and size are the same. In this grave grave of 6 tombs, there were 20 people, men, women and children. On these bodies are mostly covered with gold jewelry. The face of a man was photographed with a gold mask, in which one person wore a golden hat. Two children are wrapped in gold plates. Next to the body of the man placed objects such as knives, swords, gold cups. Beside the body of the woman, she put a casket containing gold and metal jewels, brooches, and also decorated pieces of gold. In addition to some precious gold objects found in the grave, the other treasures here are also valuable, sophisticated crafting art, unique.

It was two gold-studded dagger wounds, water scenes with dense reeds, glistening blue river water, a strayed cat that shocked the nearby ducks, they Hurry up and flap your wings, destroy the heavy static air.

The treasure found to increase with the number of excavations makes Schliemann very happy. These successes caught his attention. Almost every day, he has an article about the site of the excavation site published in newspapers. He was extremely confident that his excavated bodies here were the remains of the heroes who fought in Troie City.

At that time, not only Schliemann, but even scholars and archaeologists with a skeptical attitude acknowledged that the German merchant, despite his low education, grasped the nature of the truth and has an unusual destiny. Because after examining the treasures found in the tombs, they assumed that these objects had a very accurate and unmistakable relationship with what Homere described. For example, Homere's shield of a bowl-shaped or cup-shaped room in the epic wrote: "The mastermind of the war in Troie. Lanistuer poured Prammi wine into a golden cup for Maku and for himself, this golden cup has. 4 handles, each handle has 2 support pillars, the top of each handle has 2 doves . Or "Hlidlis holding a leather hat on the head of Edxins, inside the leather hat, there were strong, long-braided leather straps, underneath lined a soft hat made of felt wool, two sides of the outer hat were beautifully decorated. There are two rows of boar teeth that are as white and shiny as snow. " Schliemann found in the grave of 60 boar teeth, all of these teeth were sawed regularly and also drilled two holes, certain of these two holes. is to connect it to another object and use it as a protective weapon in combat.

Schliemann always thinks, The world he discovered is the world in the eyes of Homere - "Illiade - Odyssée" world. Unfortunately, Schliemann's judgment was wrong, he trusted Homere and pursued tirelessly, which led him to find the grave of Agamemnon. But in fact, the dates of those graves must have been 500 years ago, predicted to be between 1600 and 1500 BC.

Later, when people learned a lot about Mycènes culture, they thought that the grave that Schliemann discovered was not buried at the same time, but it took place for more than 1,000 years. They claimed that it was the grave of the Royal Family, possibly a member of the dynasty of a dynasty. Agamemnon is very likely to be buried in a round-shaped grave like a honeycomb in a ravine. They judged Agamemnon to be rested in a high grave, so " Aterosi Treasure" was once considered a grave of Agamemnon.

Diagram of Troie City

In 1921, under the direction of Professor Vishu, during the excavation of Mycènes Citadel archaeologists discovered a prehistoric public graveyard (the tomb discovered by Schliemann as part of this public graveyard. ) extended to the outside of the Giant wall and West of the Lion Door. Between 1,600-1,500 BC, the Prince and the princess of the royal family were buried in the grave of the public cemetery, which is now in the wall. The number of Kings and Royal Family seemed to be in the same dynasty. The most flourishing period of Mycènes was the construction of the One-Eye Giant's wall of Andao and the Lion's Door. Also during this time, they used stone slabs so that the tombs of the Great Kings had been buried before, set up tombstones placed in the center of the circle and constructed of circular stations like the shape of a well, fresh blood of the the sacrifice can pass through, directly flowing into the heroes' burial ground.

The problem seems to have been resolved, but still not radical because it is still a bit difficult to deny when such arguments are true and false and support Schliemann's judgment. For example, the "bowl" -shaped shield, pig's hat with the fangs, or the gold cups found here make his thesis still widely accepted. However, in the life of the Mycènes, there are still many components that are not exactly the same as Homere described. Therefore, for nearly 100 years scholars Ajilansi and Hekthuer continue to debate on the issue of whose treasure is on, which answer is correct?