Unclear inventions found in history (2)

There are many inventions that are the result of a long-term search and research process, but there are also inventions due to some unintentional inadvertence. Many of them have become famous and familiar with our lives.

>>>"Unknowingly" inventions found in history

Viagra

If it comes to side effects of drugs, we will often assume that it is bad. But in some cases it is not so. Side effects sometimes bring significant discoveries.

Simon Campbell and David Robert are two researchers working at Pfizer pharmaceutical company. They have studied a new drug and hope that it will treat high blood pressure and angina. In the late 1980s, the drug was ready for clinical trials on patients.

The team tested the drug called UK-92480 on patients. The end result is that the drug is as effective as the researchers predicted. However, scientists were surprised when many patients reported that drugs made them erect. Researchers at Pfizer have continued to delve into this strange side effect.

Instead of continuing to experiment to treat problems related to blood pressure and heart, the company turned to using drugs to treat erectile dysfunction. The trial was successful and Viagra was born. In 1998, the drug was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

Velcro adhesive lock

On a beautiful day, George de Mestral - an electrical engineer walking with his dog in a forest near his home. When he returned, his clothes were covered with grass flowers. George wondered what made them stick so tightly to such clothes. Placing a flower under a microscope, he found every grass with a hook-shaped thread, thereby making it easy to attach to the clothes. Immediately, he came up with the idea of ​​making a sticky piece that also had a hook-shaped tassel so that it could stick to the fabric surface.

In 1955, De Mestral used nylon to complete his invention and called it Velcro . Today Velcro is extremely popular, we often use these stickers on clothes, backpacks, bags .

Penicillin

One of the most important medical advances cannot be overlooked in this list - the discovery of penicillin . This is considered the greatest accidental invention of the 20th century.

Alexander Fleming

Alexander Fleming , a Scottish bacteriologist, first brought penicillin to the world after an incident in the laboratory. After returning from a two-week vacation in 1928, Fleming discovered a strange mold on some batches of bacteria and found its effect in blocking unwanted microorganisms. Fleming isolated this landmark, continued to study them.

His accidental discovery was not included to treat the disease immediately and they are at risk of being forgotten without other researchers.

Nearly 13 years after Fleming's accidental meeting with penicillin, Howard Florey and Norman Heatley and Andrew Moyer put penicillin antibiotics into medicine again when they produced enough to test medical treatments. Since then, penicillin has been used around the world and saved millions of lives.

Pacemaker

Wilson Greatbatch and pacemaker

American engineer Wilson Greatbatchh created this machine for a mistake. Greatbatch wanted to create a more compact heart muscle stimulator. But while trying to create an oscillator to help record the sound of animal heartbeat, he made a mistake. After the silly mistake, he continued to insert the wrong transistors into the device and heard the sound similar to the heartbeat.

He continued his creative research with his friend William Chardack. By 1960, the first machine was put into operation.

Anesthesia therapy

Finally on this list is a medical treatment that helps us relieve many of the pain during surgery or treatment.

Although anesthesia has been controversial, its contribution to now is undeniable. Anesthesia are methods to prevent patients from feeling pain on one part or the whole of the body, to help with healing methods that can cause pain like surgery.

Crawford Long, William Morton, Charles Jackson and Horace Wells have realized that in some cases of ether and nitrous oxide (laughing gas) help inhibit pain for patients.

Several methods of surgical analgesia have been used (eg, alcohol intoxication, hasit leaf use and opium derivatives). It is also used to lose feeling by hitting your head or strangling your blood vessels to make a narcosis. But they are quite crude and barbaric.

A concrete example demonstrates the accidental discovery of these compounds used to prevent pain in the medical field. In 1844, Horace Wells attended an exhibition and witnessed a participant hurt his foot while under the influence of nitrous oxide. The man whose leg was bleeding, told Wells that he did not feel pain.

After finding that incident, Wells used the compound as an anesthetic when he pulled out his teeth. Wells, Morton and Jackson began collaborating and using anesthetic in dental practice, while Crawford Long used ether for small surgeries.

The doctors continued to explore the effects of ether anesthesia, evaluated it with great promise, practiced on animals and then on humans. In the end, Morton requested to be accepted to use the drug publicly as a surgical anesthesiologist on October 16, 1846. Henry J. Bigelow, a famous surgeon was present during the presentation. The director commented, "The event I saw today will spread worldwide". Morton was recognized as the first person to develop anesthesia therapy.

After 1846, ether was the first ideal anesthetic. It supports both respiration and circulation - are essential features in human physiology that are not fully understood. As can be seen, this finding has made the surgery milder.