Visit the biggest machine in human history

Learn the analyzers, computer systems . spread out within a 27 km circumference of the LHC giant particle accelerator project, the viewer will learn more about the operation of the planet's most expensive machine. man-made.

Learn about the greatest machine in human history

Observing from the universe, scientists found that ordinary matter such as galaxies, stars and planets accounted for only 4% of the universe. The rest is black material (23%) and black energy (73%). Physicists believe that the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) project can open the door to these cognitive gaps.

The main purpose to build it is to break the current basic limitations and theories of particle physics. CERN head, French physicist Robert Aymar said: "The findings from the project cost 6.4 billion euros ($ 9.2 billion), bringing together researchers from 50 countries will bring progress. unprecedentedly large scientific set ".

The LHC machine began testing in 2008, but failed after a few days because of helium gas leaks. After the problem is fixed, it operates again. But in the first few days of November 2009, the machine failed because the temperature in many parts suddenly increased. Up to now, the repair work has been completed.The first proton particle went through a 27km long tunnel.

Structure of the LHC machine

The giant LHC contains more than 1,000 giant magnets to guide the proton in the machine's pipeline, at a speed of 11,000 rpm, close to the speed of light.

Swiss and French border areas with three circles. The smallest ring (below right) is the Proton Synchrotron, the middle ring is the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) with a circumference of 7 km and the largest round of LEP, with a part of Lake Geneva with a circumference of 27 km. LHC can accelerate particles to 14 TeV energy (14,000 billion electron volts).

Location map of analyzers in 27km long Tunnel.Currently, LHC operates at 3.5 TeV energy level.That's only half the design capacity, but three and a half times higher than the world's second largest particle accelerator, the Tevatron.

The magnet system of the machine is cooled with liquid helium . The machine is at a depth of 100 meters below ground in the French-Swiss border area. The tunnel has a diameter of 3.8 m, has a concrete structure and was built from 1983 to 1988.

Six LHC detectors, built in large caves below the ground, are dug at LHC's delivery points. Two of them are ATLAS (black material detector) and Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) (Higgs particle detector, "God particle ") are large-scale multi-purpose particle analyzers. Two A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE) and LHCb with more specific functions are responsible for understanding the moments after the Big Bang "copies" and detecting antimatter elements. The other two sets are much smaller, TOTEM and LHCf, for other specialized studies.

Here are pictures of the analyzers:

ATLAS - one of two multi-purpose analyzers, will be used to find new physical signs, including the source of mass and auxiliary dimensions. ATLAS detectors contain a dense series of concentric cylinders, where the interaction of a proton beam collides.

Like ATLAS, the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) will scour the Higgs particles and look for clues to the nature of dark matter. In the picture is inside the "Heart" of the CMS.

ALICE will study a "liquid" form of matter called quark-gluon plasma , a form of very short existence after the Big Bang.

LHCb - compare the amount of matter and antimatter created in the Big Bang. LHCb will try to find out what happened to "lost" antimatter. LHCb is very large, 6X7 square meters including 3,300 scintillator blocks, optical fiber and lead. It will measure the energy of the particles produced in proton-proton collisions.

TOTEM - measuring dimensions of protons and LHC's luminosity (roughly translated: brightness of large particle accelerators). In quantum physics, brightness affects the accuracy of a large particle accelerator in creating conflicts.

LHCf - natural cosmic ray study.

Computer system

The calculation system for the LHC project is also the largest computer network in the world . The collisions of photons stored on computers with a capacity of 15 terabytes of data each year. Most of the data will be stored in Oracle databases and some commercial storage systems.

The role of the computer network that CERN has established is to gather vast computing and storage power to provide scientists with the ability to access data and computing tools when needed. The addresses in this grid also include universities and research centers from Japan to Canada, plus two HP laboratories.

Supermicro Server system at the LHC Project Calculation Center.

All computing systems contribute a total of more than 10,000 processors and hundreds of millions of gigabytes of magnetic tape and storage disks. Information about accelerator beams in the accelerator is sent to all research centers in Europe, Asia and the United States for data storage and processing.

Many mysteries of physics and the universe are the targets of experiments. The impact of the LHC experiment will be greater than going to the moon for the first time. It is difficult to predict the actual benefits of this project.

The heavy duty of the billion dollar machine

Experts from the LHC Executive Agency are the European Nuclear Research Organization (CERN), which estimates that repair costs and other safety costs associated with LHC are around $ 37 million. This amount comes from the budget of 20 related countries. Currently, no member state of CERN has expressed opposition to the LHC project.

This is the inner core of the LHC machine.More than 15 countries provide funding for the project of manufacturing large particle accelerators.More than 8,000 scientists and hundreds of universities and laboratories participated in the design of the machine

With the LHC super-powerful particle accelerator, scientists can study particles at a size of 1/10 billion meters , measuring the time period of 1/10 million billion seconds . "We will know what the universe has at 1 / 1,000,000 of a second right after the Big Bang and that is a wonderful thing," said physicist Robert Aymar.

The test is done on the magnet section in the LHC tunnel.It is important for each magnet to be properly positioned where it is designed so that the path of the beam is precisely controlled.

The goal of the experiment is also to find 'Higgs' particles , an elementary particle of subatomic particles (smaller than atoms), which are the ones that make up the mass for matter and create the universe. The name of the seed is named after the Scottish physicist, Peter Higgs, who calculated the existence of this type of particle. While people call it the Higgs, Peter Higgs calls the Lord's particle (God particle).

In addition, there are many mysteries of physics and the universe, including supersymmetry, black matter, black energy ., unexplained mysteries hidden in the dimensions of the LHC. the task of discovery, (the majority of invisible particles leave behind marks after the collision but some particles are not detected because they may move in the . extra dimension of space, as well as create objects. invisible dark matter).