What if you fall into a black hole?

You will die, it must be! The friend will grow like vermicelli and you will be burned to ash. But according to Einstein, "death" is just an "illusion" outside. In fact, you are still alive and completely peaceful.

What if you fell into a black hole?

If you have seen the film Interstellar (2014) directed by Christopher Nolan, you will probably know that Captain Cooper falls into the black hole (black hole) Gargantua . And Cooper is completely unscathed after crossing the event horizon. "Fiction ", you can say it when you see the scene. But according to Einstein, this is possible.

But before going to the main problem, you can know Interstellar is based on the latest scientific insights of humankind. Most of the scenes in this fictional film were drawn by Nolan with the advice of physicists. For example, the image of the black hole in the movie is not the "hole" you see in the pictures we are going to see below, but a sphere . Why? Because black holes are points where space-time "collapses " into a single point. And our space has 3 dimensions, so their collapse shrinks into a spherical point.

However, in most images of the black holes you see they represent them as whirlpools. The reason is because the space in them is expressed in 2-dimensional form and described so that it is easy for the viewer to visualize the nature of the black hole - the "attraction " points that even light cannot escape, like the ships accidentally enter the whirlpools and sink in there. If shown in a sphere like Interstellar, many people will not understand the problem. Here, we also use whirlpool images to talk about black holes. Of course, not everything in Interstellar is real and absolutely true, but Nolan tried to show off most of what modern science is.

A black hole is a singular place where space-time is punctured

So, if you fall into the black hole, will it look like Cooper, completely useless? At some level, then . maybe. Call "perhaps" because the thing is observed by who, yourself or someone outside the black hole. Depending on the observation angle, everything will be completely opposite.

Please borrow the image of Cooper and Amelia as he falls into Gargantua while she is outside the black hole observing everything. Everything will be different depending on whether we look at Cooper or Amelia.

From Amelia

When Cooper began to approach the event horizon, she would see his body stretched out like a bun. This is due to the difference in attraction between Cooper's first and last points. Assuming Cooper put his leg first, the force of the black hole acting on it would be much larger than his head. In addition, Cooper's size will be much smaller, Amelia needs to use a magnifying glass or astronomical lens to monitor the incident.

But the problem is not over. Amelia will feel what she sees like a slow-motion movie. Cooper's image to her will be "slow ". It is also the gravity that caused this situation. The black hole is such a special object that light does not escape from it if it accidentally passes through the event horizon. But even if the photons are not swallowed by the black hole, their speed is significantly reduced. Especially when they are closer to the event horizon. Of course to reduce from 300,000 km / s to zero will be a process that takes from 250,000 . 200,000 . 100,000 .

Around the black hole is a huge amount of radiation

Assuming that Cooper had contacted Amelia through radio waves (a type of electromagnetic radiation), the transmission rate would also decrease slowly as he approached the event horizon more and more. She will receive long and slow signals like: " Ok . a . y . T . oh ... i .... đ .. đ ... . e .... a .... . well ..... o ... .. o ...... ". And at the time Cooper disappeared after the event horizon, Amelia would not receive any of his signals anymore.

However, before that, before the time when Cooper passed the event horizon, Amelia would see him burned to ashes, by Stephen Hawking radiation. According to Hawking, as the balance between the universe's largest material density environment and the vacuum of no surrounding matter, the black hole will lose its mass in the form of radiation emitted at event horizon. And Cooper, in Amelia's eyes, " died without yawning" because of this huge amount of radiation .

From Cooper

It all looked so bad from Amelia (outside the black hole). But from Cooper himself, everything was the opposite. Or according to Albert Einstein , the father of relativity, Cooper will be completely safe, he will not be stretched like a vermicelli, nor be burned into ash. The only problem with Cooper was that after he passed the event horizon, he could no longer contact Amelia.

The world seems to split into 2 after Cooper steps through the event horizon . His world and Amelia's. In Amelia's world, he died. But in Cooper's world (in the black hole), he still lives.

But behind the event horizon can be completely still

However, this is the problem. According to physicists, space-time in the black hole interchanges with our outside world. In the black hole, there is only one dimension of space - the center of direction. Cooper will have only one direction as well as his radio, it cannot escape. So even though Cooper is still alive (according to Einstein), he has no way to tell that to Amelia and we know.

In contrast, time in black holes is very multidimensional. We do not know what other dimensions are, because our world has only one direction towards the future. But maybe one of those dimensions is toward the past. Nolan took advantage of this idea in his movie. He allowed Cooper to look back, look back at the image of his daughter and himself many decades ago. Even Nolan pushes things to the point of fiction when allowing Cooper (in the black hole) to interfere with Cooper (the past) when sending NASA's central coordinates with sand strips.

Space-time after the black hole is completely opposite to the outside world

However, at the current capacity of science, we cannot say whether Nolan's idea is correct because it leads to many paradoxes. Suppose if Cooper (in the black hole) did not send those coordinates to the past, perhaps he was still a gray-haired old man, not doing an interstellar tour, Cooper ( in the black hole) will not exist.

How to verify?

Maybe Einstein is right about Cooper's fate. But that is only the theory, it has never been verified. In fact Einstein was wrong when he added a constant to his cosmological equation so that it " did not expand" , but later, he claimed to be his "most foolish mistake ". Thus, there is no guarantee that Einstein will not be wrong again. But to know if Einstein is right or wrong . only experiment can confirm it!

But this experiment not only requires someone to be brave enough to take their lives to verify, but also requires a new way of communication that is completely beyond what we already know. This strange communication is known as "quantum entanglement".

"Quantum puppet" is one of the most confusing physical phenomena

And quantum mechanics is another Einstein mistake. This famous physicist is in fact very "anti " quantum theories. Known for his "God doesn't play dice", Einstein strongly opposes the idea that observing results depend on viewers, not on the nature of things. However, the latest scientific experiments have concluded that Niels Bohr (father of quantum theory) is right and Einstein is wrong.

The funny thing is, to know if Einstein is right about black holes, physicists have just proposed an experiment based on . quantum theory.

But why do "quantum puppets" need ? As we know, communication based on electromagnetic waves ( radio, light, radiation .) is based on space-time grid. Behind the black hole there is only one dimension of radial space, ie Cooper (if alive) cannot contact Amelia based on electromagnetic waves. Therefore, Cooper needed another way to tell Amelia that he knew he was alive.

Quantum mechanics says that, somehow, if two particles of matter are "entangled" with each other, when the state of the particle changes, the other particle will immediately "know" and change the similarity. regardless of the distance between them. For example, two electrons have a zero spin total, if one particle turns counterclockwise, the other will rotate downward to ensure their total spin remains the same. Einstein mocked this bizarre phenomenon as "spooky behavior at a distance" (spooky action at a distance). But despite Einstein's objections, the phenomenon still occurs.

The quantum laser experiment proved that Einstein was wrong

Based on this, modern physicists propose a communication solution for Cooper. Outside the black hole, Amelia will place a quantum information collector that the black hole emits. Regardless of whether Cooper is alive or just holding the ashes, Amelia will get a bunch of data A.

The key is that A will be "confused" with the data Cooper leaves. If Cooper dies, it will generate data B. And Cooper still lives behind the black hole, his presence will generate C data. But A will only "tangle" with only B or C, does not exist. both 2 at the same time. When Amelia finished decoding the packet A, we would know if Cooper was really alive.

The only problem here, according to scientists' concerns, is whether Amelia will decode A packet . Quantum data may be too large and too many parameters, the fastest supercomputers that humans currently have cannot guarantee instant resolution. They fear that the time it takes to get answers B or C can be billions of years. Even if the black hole had " evaporated" out of radiation , Amelia had no answer yet.

So the black hole, as its name suggests, is probably the best secret hiding place that science can find.

Gate travel space

You might be asking, is it really important to know whether Cooper lived or died after falling into a black hole? Anyway, Cooper can't get out, is there something else that has died?

A wormhole can be an "off" path to new horizons

The answer is, black holes (or wormhole holes) can hold the key to space travel. You also know, the closest stars and planets are tens of light years ago. Nothing has shown that mankind can make a ship move at the speed of light. In addition, even if that is achieved, it is not possible to explore galaxies a billion light-years away. The energy source that this planet has is not enough to cater for such long trips.

And not to mention the expanding universe with increasing speed. In the Big Freeze scenario, the universe will expand forever, the galaxies we still see today are unlikely to see them, even though their images come to us at the same speed of light. .

But the black hole / wormhole may help humanity explore the universe if Einstein is right - we are completely safe after falling into it. In essence, the wormhole is also a black hole, but it has up to 2 heads, a head that draws into matter and the other end "releases" everything, into a faraway place in the universe . What Nolan has simulated for us to see in Interstellar.

Deep holes can be linked together as a space bus network

Try visualizing black holes / deep holes like bus stops that you still use every day. If this image is correct, the discovery of the universe seems to be within reach of mankind.

The only problem is, how do we find a black hole or wormhole somewhere "close"? Like Interstellar, a civilization that has " opened" to "enlighten" humanity?