Master of Nobel Prize for Chemistry 2009

At 4:45 pm on October 7 (Vietnamese time), the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was announced. There are a total of 3 award-winning scientists, one British, one American and one Israeli.

The award was given to three scientists for studying the structure and function of ribosomes - an RNA and protein particle found in cells and a protein synthesis site in cells.

Scientists honored with this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry are: Venkatraman Ramakrishnan - Indian-born British (born 1952), Thomas A. Steitz - American (born 1940) and Israeli Ada E.Yonath (born 1939).

3 scientists won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2009 (Photo: Nobelprize.org)

List of Nobel Prize winners from 1980 to present

2008: Osamu Shimomura (Japan), Martin Chalfie and Roger Tsien (USA) received a prize of USD 1.4 million for discovering green fluorescent protein (GFP) for the first time GFP was observed in jellyfish The sea is in 1962.

2007: Gerhard Ertl, Germany, for studies of chemical reactions on solid surfaces. This work enhances the understanding of why the ozone layer is thinning, the way fuel cells operate and even why rusty iron.

2006: Roger D. Kornberg, USA, for his work on how cells get information from genes to produce proteins.

2005: Yves Chauvin (France) and Robert H. Grubbs and Richard R. Schrock (USA), for their research to find ways to reduce toxic waste when creating new chemicals.

2004: Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Hershko (Israel) and Irwin Rose (USA) show how the cells decompose.

2003: Peter Agre and Roderick MacKinnon (USA) study how key substances enter or leave cells in the body, and their discovery involves small holes, called " channels ". , on the cell surface.

2002: John B. Fenn (USA), Koichi Tanaka (Japan) and Kurt Wuethrich (Switzerland) for developing ways to identify and analyze large biological molecules.

2001: William S. Knowles and K. Barry Sharpless (USA) and Ryoji Noyori (Japan) gave the work on better control of chemical reactions, paving the way for drugs to treat heart disease and Parkinson's disease.

2000: Alan J. Heeger and Alan G. MacDiarmid (USA), Hideki Shirakawa (Japan) for revolutionary inventions in the production of plastics that can conduct electricity, and stimulate the rapid development of molecular electronics.

1999: Ahmed H. Zewail (USA) for pioneering the investigation of basic chemical reactions, using ultra-short laser beams, on a time scale during which reactions often occur.

1998: Walter Kohn (USA) for the development of density function and John Pople (UK) for the development of calculation methods in quantum chemistry.

1997: Paul D. Boyer (USA), John E. Walker (UK) and Jens C. Skou (Denmark) work on studying how body cells store and transmit energy.

1996: Harold W. Kroto (England) and Robert F. Curl Jr., Richard E. Smalley (USA) for their discovery of " buckyballs ", a kind of ball-shaped carbon molecule.

1995: Paul Crutzen (Netherlands), Mario J. Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland (USA) for their research on ozone formation and decomposition.

1994: George A. Olah (USA) for his contributions to carboncation chemistry.

1993: Kary B. Mullis (USA) and Michael Smith (Canada) for research and development of two new methods that bring about decisive advances in gene technology.

1992: Rudolph A. Marcus (USA) because of his contribution to the hypothesis of electrical transfer reactions in chemical systems.

1991: Richard R. Ernst (Switzerland) for his contributions to the development of a high resolution nuclear resonance spectrum (NMR).

1990: Elias James Corey (USA) for the hypothesis and methodological development of organic synthesis.

1989: Thomas Cech and Sidney Altman (USA) independently demonstrate that RNA can also actively support chemical reactions.

1988: Johann Diesenhofer, Robert Huber and Hartmut Michel (West Germany) for determining the structure of certain proteins needed in photosynthesis.

1987: Donald J. Cram and Charles J. Pedersen (USA) and Jean-Marie Lehn (France) for the study of synthesizing molecules that mimic important biological reactions.

1986: Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee (USA) and John C. Polanyi (Canada) for their work showing how basic chemical reactions take place.

1985: Herbert A. Hauptman and Jerome Karle (USA) for research to develop methods to determine the molecular structure of crystals.

1984: Robert Bruce Merrifield (USA) for the development of methodologies for chemical synthesis on solid substrates.

1983: Henry Taube (USA) gives the work to explain the chemical reaction in all things, from photosynthesis in plants to batteries and fuel cells.

1982: Aaron Klug (UK) for his research on gene structure.

1981: Kenichi Fukui (Japan) and Roald Hoffmann (USA) for their work on theoretical chemistry in promoting the process of chemical reactions.

1980: Paul Berg (USA) provides basic research on nucleic acid biochemistry and Walter Gilbert (USA), Frederick Sanger (UK) for contributions related to nucleic acid chains.