Nano vaccines prevent disease

US experts have designed a type of nanoparticle that can transmit vaccines against diseases like AIDS and malaria safely and effectively.

According to Physorg, these nuts can help develop anti-cancer vaccines and infectious diseases. Associate Professor of Biological and Materials Science Darrell Irvine and colleagues at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology are testing the ability of this seed to test the transmission of malaria.

When designing a vaccine, scientists try to stimulate at least one of the two key components in an immune response: T cells, cells that attack infected body cells; or B cells, secreting antibodies that target viruses or bacteria found in blood and other body fluids.

Nano vaccines open hope for AIDS patients. Illustration

For diseases that pathogens tend to stay in cells like AIDS, a strong reaction from a type of T cell called T 'killer' is essential. The best way to stimulate these cells is to use a virus that is dead or weakened but that cannot be done with HIV because it is difficult to turn the virus into harmless.

To avoid the dangers of using live viruses, scientists are working to create synthetic vaccines for AIDS and other viral infections such as hepatitis B. However, vaccines- This application is even safer but does not stimulate very strong T cell response.

Recently, researchers have tested wrapping these vaccines in fat droplets called liposomes, which can help promote T-cell reactions by wrapping the protein into a virus seed. However, these liposomes are very unstable in blood and body fluids.

Irvine expert decided to rely on liposome method by wrapping many fat droplets together in concentric spheres. When the liposomes combine, the contiguous portion of the liposomes is 'pinned' together by chemical method, creating a more stable structure and less likely to be broken too quickly after injection. However, when nanoparticles are absorbed by cells, they decompose rapidly, releasing vaccines and stimulating T-cell reactions.

In tests with mice, Irvine and colleagues used nanoparticles to transfer a protein called ovalbumin, an egg white protein commonly used in immunological studies because existing biochemical tools could Monitor immune responses to this molecule. They found that three low-dose vaccine strains produced a strong T-cell response. After immunization, up to 30% of killer T-cells in mice targeted the vaccine protein. please.

It is one of the strongest T-cell reactions produced by a protein vaccine and is equivalent to a powerful viral vaccine that does not cause concern about the safety of live viruses.

The researchers stressed that it is important that these particles also stimulate a strong antibody reaction.