Science topic

Earthquakes & Volcanoes

Understand the forces that reshape Earth through plate tectonics, earthquakes, faults, magma and volcanic eruptions.

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Essential guides to Earthquakes & Volcanoes

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What Are Seismic Waves?
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What Are Seismic Waves?

Seismic waves are vibrations that carry energy away from an earthquake, explosion or other sudden source. Their speed and path depend on the elastic properties and density of the material they travel through.

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How Do Volcanoes Erupt?

Volcanoes erupt when magma and gases move from depth toward Earth's surface and pressure overcomes the strength of surrounding rock. The style of eru…

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What Is Plate Tectonics?

Plate tectonics is the framework that explains the large-scale motion of Earth's rigid outer shell. The lithosphere is broken into plates that move o…

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How Do Earthquakes Happen?

Earthquakes happen when stress accumulated in rocks is released suddenly as a fault slips. Tectonic plates move continuously, but friction can lock p…

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The world's largest volcano revived
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The world's largest volcano revived

Mauna Loa, the largest active volcano in the world, may be preparing to erupt again as seismic and distortion monitoring data show that small earthquakes are frequent.

Sakurajima volcano in southern Japan erupted
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Sakurajima volcano in southern Japan erupted

The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) said the Sakurajima volcano in southern Japan erupted on the afternoon of August 18, tossing up as much as 5,000 meters of ash.

Guatemala alarmed when Pacaya's volcano
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Guatemala alarmed when Pacaya's volcano

On May 30, the Government of Guatemala officially announced the orange alarm (the closest to the red alert) due to fears that Pacaya volcano in the country might erupt a…