Venom is not scary

The venom produced by some animals has caused many catastrophes for humans, but thanks to scientists with transcendental intelligence, they have turned those substances into useful drugs in treating many serious diseases. . Although the application is only at a modest level (currently, only about 1-2% of the 400,000 proteins of venom have been identified), but it has opened a promising direction in research. New drugs are highly effective.

Snake venom and application

Snake venom is a mixture of chemicals that work in many ways, once it has entered the human body.

Neurotoxin: a neurotoxin that affects the brain and nervous system, especially the respiratory and circulatory control organs. As a result, it causes muscle contractions, vomiting, seizures, and paralysis.

Haemotoxin: toxins often affect blood or blood vessels, destroy blood cells, causing internal bleeding. But there is a blood clotting agent, the rate of blood clotting is very fast, can cause death due to clogged blood vessels.

Myotoxin: found in venom, responsible for attacking and destroying muscle tissue causing necrosis, causing tissue death and cancer.

Snake venom is often used to make snake venom-resistant serum (HTKNR), used for snakebite treatment. According to statistics, there are at least 400 venomous snake species, so the production of an engineered environment must be suitable for each type of poisonous snake. Currently, nearly 100 countries have participated in manufacturing more than 200 types of railway systems. In our case, Nha Trang Vaccin Institute has successfully prepared soil tiger and bamboo snake (HT) species (two dangerous snakes in our country) and recently Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Ho Chi Minh has found the process of producing princess tiger and leprechaun. Prior to injections, it is necessary to try to respond to anaphylaxis or cause anaphylaxis. Since 2000, there are new types made from sheep, safer than more expensive ones.

(Photo: Accessbiomed)

Snake venom is also used in analgesic, anti-inflammatory drugs in rheumatism, myalgia, neuralgia, in the form of injections (special drugs: viperalcin, vipraxin, najaxin) as an external ointment (drugs: nafatox , viprosal, vipratox .).

From the venom of the venomous snake venom (Bothrops jaracaca) in Brazil, there is captopril which causes very low pressure to the prey when it is bitten, causing it to become numb; Scientists have simulated and built this substance to treat hypertension due to the mechanism of ACE inhibitors (angiotensin converting enzyme).

The type of venom that causes blood clotting is used to produce hemostatic drugs, to prevent bleeding of organs.

From the venom of Copperhead snake, scientists extracted a protein called contortrastin. Through this experiment, it was found that it has the ability to control human tumor cells in mice, slowing the spread of tumors. It is important for snake venom to limit metastasis because most patients with breast cancer die from metastasis, the prospect of opening up the possibility of saving at least 20% of patients.

Researchers are planning to synthesize snake venom protein in a synthetic form to conserve snakes, because in nature it can live for tens of years but in solid breeding facilities, despite a caring regime. How caring they are, they only give venom within 6 months and then become inactive.

Venom and application

Snake venom is expensive but scorpion venom is more expensive, it is necessary to have 1 gram of venom from 8,000 scorpions (each one is only taken). In scorpion venom contains katsutoxin (also called butothoxin). Scorpion venom's toxicity to nerves is like snake venom. Scorpion venom when injected causes intense pain to the victim with vomiting, hypertension, seizures and coma. There is a scorpion venom that blocks nerve impulses from the brain to muscles and other organs; There are types that cause activation of nerves that can cause muscle cramps resulting in death.

Scorpion venom is used to treat disorders of the nervous system.

The Canadian Institute of Biological and Irradiation has successfully prepared a drug called escozul from green scorpion venom to treat some cancers, Parkinson's disease, pelvic inflammatory disease, applied to more than 70,000 diseases people achieved positive results.

Bee venom

Every year, about 20,000 deaths are caused by bees. Bees often burn multiple stains because they often form flocks and stings that cause allergies throughout the body.

Through observation, it was found that beekeepers often do not suffer from rheumatism because in the process of contact with bees they cannot avoid a few stings of bees. Since then, researchers have studied the venom of many bees and made a pharmaceutical product with mellitine that has a much stronger anti-inflammatory effect than hydrocortisone, used in rheumatism. Melltine is also used in orthopedic and cosmetic surgery to make cells smoother when it becomes scar after surgery.

Hoping from the bee venom to make a vaccine for allergy prevention because the recent 20 years of allergy has increased rapidly in the world.

Latex toad is very poisonous but for a long time in Oriental medicine, it has been used with the name of the bowl of oyster (latex toad removed from the nodes of toad skin), with the use: detoxification, swelling and swelling, treatment: pimples, sore throat, abdominal pain (due to colds), also used to treat fever, seizures, delirium. Oral or external use, often in combination with some other drugs. In Canada, drug addicts have used a poison in the skin of a giant toad (originating from Australia), which makes it "like" a drug. This created a hunting campaign for toad, so the Canadian government had to ban it.

Spider venom: Spider's neurotoxin causes breathing difficulties, pain, heart palpitations and can kill people. Latrodectus spider neurotoxin is 15 times stronger than the snake's tail. Poisonous spiders in Australia have enough venom to kill a baby in an hour and adults take a few days. After that, immunologist Struan Sutherland (Australia) successfully produced spider's antennas from rabbits, saving lives. From the spider venom of Chile, the active ingredient is a peptide called Gs. Mtx-4, biologists from New York State University (USA) used to regulate the heart rate of test animals to create a medicine to treat heart attack.

Long-term evidence, from a poison in the conch species found to have thousands of times greater pain relief than morphine, without addiction, from nudibranchs that are toxic to it when exposed but The test has been shown to be effective in preventing the spread of cancer cells . Scientists are hoping that these deadly venom will find "medicinal herbs" that increase the lifespan of humans.