Astronomers find the missing part of matter in the universe

Scientists have discovered the missing part of the 1990s, knowing where it lies but it has not been confirmed until now.

Since the mid-1990s, part of the Universe has eluded the prying eyes of mankind. During that time, scientists are trying to classify all ordinary matter in the universe: including stars, planets and the amount of gas available in space, basically anything What is made from atoms. (Of these, there is no "dark matter" , it is a completely different extreme, a question still in the dark shadow). We finally found the missing part.

Scientists are trying to classify all ordinary matter in the universe.

For a long time, scientists have argued that nothing beyond the universe could be, based on research hypotheses about how matter forms during the Big Bang period. The study of CMB - cosmic background radiation, the light that remains from the Big Bang so far - confirms the hypotheses to be true.

The scientific community adds up the total amount of matter they see, including stars and gas clouds - all collectively known as baryons , subatomic particles made up of 3 quarks. The number just equals 10% of the number that should have been. Ordinary matter should have accounted for 15% of all matter in the universe, with dark matter taking up the rest. So the research has found only 1.5% of the total matter in the Universe.

A series of three newly published scientific reports indicate where the rest of the material is normally located. Although it takes a long time to get the final result, the mysterious physical part lies in the place where the scientific community has been suspicious for so long: it lies in hot gas gas lines crept in the slots between the heavens. Ha, whose scientific name is WHIM - is a warm inter-median line - warm-hot intergalactic medium.

Pumpkin material is located at hot gas gas lines that crept into the intergalactic slots.

The first evidence of the existence of invisible gas lines between galaxies comes from completed space emulation programs since 1998. "We want to know what happens to all the gas It's on the Universe, "said Jeremiah Ostriker, an astronomer from Princeton University. He himself, along with fortress Renyue Cen, created the above emulation programs.

Based on the effects of gravity, light, supernova explosions and other forces on the Universe, the two scientists created a simulation of the flow of gas."We conclude that gas crept in very small lines that it is very easy to detect."

Turns out it's easy to say easy, find it extremely hard.

"From the early days of the creation of the space simulator, we knew very well that a large part of baryons would have a hot and diffuse form, not in galaxies," cosmologist Ian McCarthy from John Moores University of Liverpool said. Astronomers estimate that hot baryon particles will mix with a giant superstructure in the universe made of dark matter, crept between galaxies. The gravity of dark matter will pull gas back to them, burning them up to millions of degrees. Difficult, hot and scattered gas is not easy to find at all.

In order to find out the small flow of gas between the vast universe, the two research teams have put together resources focused on considering CMB - cosmic background radiation. When the light that had existed since the beginning of this cosmic universe flew through space, it would be affected by every environment in which it passed. Hot, ionizing gases (such as WHIM) will interact with photons in CMB and transmit less energy. If that happens, the spectrum of CMB will be distorted.

The CMB map, created using the WMAP probe data collected for 7 years.

Unfortunately, the most accurate maps of CMB obtained from Planck satellites do not show any distortion. Either the hot gas stream does not exist, or the distortion effect is too small to detect.

The two research teams were not discouraged. Data from the modern universe simulator show that gas will spread across galaxies like spider webs. When determining that the Planck satellite did not see gas between a pair of galaxies, the team expanded its search to a cluster of galaxies, finding pairs of "best matched".

A pair of galaxies will have to be large, with a moderate distance to create a gas network between them. Recovering data from the Planck satellite, cosmological physicists determine the position of each pair of galaxies that meet the above conditions, separating the surrounding space to study.

After rotating the galaxies to position them equally, the team stacked millions of galaxies on each other and discovered that the gas network was hiding for a long time.

The research team stacked millions of galaxies on each other and found that the gas network was hiding for a long time.

Although the existence of gas circuits between galaxies is discovered, this method has its own left side. Combining data from millions of galaxies will be inaccurate, when the error rate is also multiplied. The astronomical community is not really convinced about the results, they need a way to calculate the hot gas of each pair of separate galaxies.

This summer, researchers came up with such a way.

There is a third research team that offers a different solution. They looked closely at a quasar , the "cosmic lighthouse" that illuminated continuously - and used it to search for traces of gas, everywhere the light of the lighthouse was sweeping. You imagine it like this: the third team is analyzing the mistes that the light of a sea lighthouse flashes through.

Typically, scientists will look for light absorbed by hydrogen atoms, because this is the most common element in the universe. Unfortunately, in this study, the most commonly used method was useless. WHIM is so hot that it ionizes hydrogen, taking a single atom. The result of this process is that free protons and electrons cannot absorb any light.

Fabrizio Nicastro uses light from the hidden planet to find the amount of material missing.

The third team looked for another element: oxygen . In WHIM there is not as much oxygen as hydrogen, but because oxygen atoms have up to eight electrons and not just one like hydrogen, the heat from the WHIM does not strip off this number of electrons. The team, led by Fabrizio Nicastro from the National Institute of Astrophysics in Rome, Italy, found the light absorbed by oxygen, the oxygen only 2 electrons left.

They found two intergalactic gas gas circuits. Oxygen has "provided traces of giant hydrogen and helium gas circuits".

The number they found is similar to the results from the other two research groups."All three teams of science use different ways to solve one problem, and all have the same result, this is what makes the scientists reassured, considering two ways to find completely different results. " Mike Boylan-Kolchim, an astronomer from the University of Texas, said.

The next step will be to find more hidden crystals, track them with new generation X-rays and ultra-sensitive ultra-violet telescopes."The metaphor we studied is the brightest of all the data we have. There will be more translucent hidden and make the observation process take longer , " said researcher Michael Shull from the University of Colorado. But at the present time, we have the final assertion.

"We concluded that the missing baryon seeds were found."