Until now, the scientific community agreed that the earth core consists of two parts, or two layers, including the outer core and the inner core. Accordingly, the inner core is extremely hard, composed mainly of iron with a radius of about 1,220 km, surrounded by outer core in liquid form with a thickness of 2,250 km.
Image for illustrative purposes. (Internet source)
As the inner core thickens over time, this process sends lighter elements such as oxygen and sulfur away from the inner core and moves to the outer core layer. However, geologists now have found that another outer core, 300 km thick, has been discovered, with a completely different structure, containing oxygen and sulfur at a level of 3-5%. with inner core. To study the structure of the earth's core, scientists must monitor seismic waves moving at the outer core by recording data generated from earthquakes in South America and the Pacific southwest.
The study also confirmed the mechanism of creating the magnetic field, whereby the movement from the inside out to the above elements created the momentum to supply the energy for the existing magnetic field. This work, published in the journal Nature, is by expert George Helffrich from Bristol University (UK) and Satoshi Kaneshima of Kyushu University (Japan).