Disease caused by helminths is very dangerous

People with helminths eat from unprocessed animal meat. When worms enter the body will cause intestinal inflammation, intestinal hemorrhage. In severe cases can cause dangerous complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis .

Expression of eye edema caused by helminthiasis (Photo: TTO) Helminthiasis is a disease caused by adult helminths and their larvae. Helminth was found in human muscles by a first-year student named James Paget on February 6, 1835. So far, more than a dozen species of helminth have been recorded, some common species are: trichinella spiralis parasitic in animals and cause human diseases; parasitic trichinella britovi in ​​boars, horses .; trichinella nelsoni mainly parasites in predators .

Helminth disease was discovered in 1835, when it was discovered, it was quickly discovered that helminths were present all over the world, but were discovered in the Northern Hemisphere.

In the past 20 years, although it has actively prevented trichotosis, it has been detected in many countries, even outbreaks. Many scientists believe that it is necessary to bring helminthes disease to disease outbreaks.

The change due to ecological abuse occurs in all parts of the world but does not establish a strict monitoring system that increases the incidence of this disease. According to the WHO's announcement, in March 2001, trichinosis occurred in Italy, causing thousands of infected people and 50% of the surveyed pigs to be infected.

The cycle of helminths

In the host, parasitic helminths are both adult and larvae. Adult helminths parasitize in the intestine and the nematode larvae parasitize in muscle tissue. Adult male worms are only 1.4-1.6mm long while the worm is 3-4mm long. The host of helminths is human and domestic animals such as pigs, cats, horses .; Wild animals like foxes, bears, wild boars, wolves, mice . So helminths have natural outbreaks and outbreaks near people.

Human helminthiasis is mainly related to the nematode worm in animals near humans. People suffering from this disease by eating the meat of animals with un-cooked worms. Upon reaching the human stomach, the helminth larvae are released from the cocoon, after 1-2 hours, the larvae migrate to the small intestine.

Here after 24 hours, larvae develop into adult worms and enter the intestinal mucosa. On day 4-5 and lasts for 10-30 days, the female worm produces larvae in the lymphatic vessels. The larvae follow the lymphatic system to the right heart, lungs, then to the left and right, to the skeletal muscle, diaphragm, tongue . develop into cocoons and potentially infect. Twisted worm cocoons can survive in muscle tissue for about 20 years and still retain the ability to infect.

Signs of worm infection

The incubation period of helminths is 10-25 days, the shorter the incubation period, the more severe the disease. When the larvae enter the body and grow in the intestine, they will develop intestinal inflammation, bleeding in the intestine, causing abdominal pain and diarrhea. Clinical manifestations of helminths have 4 basic symptoms:

- Eyelid edema is a characteristic sign of the disease, may be accompanied by edema and bleeding of the conjunctiva, sometimes edema of the whole head, sometimes with both the neck and upper limbs.

- Muscle pain: Pain occurs when the patient is breathing deeply, coughing, chewing, swallowing, when defecating. Both pain in the face and neck muscles.

- Fever: Usually the body temperature increases gradually and after 2-3 days, the maximum is reached. In the case of mild infection, the disease may progress with dull fever.

- Increased eosinophils: Eosinophilia increased in the first days of the disease, even in the incubation period and highest in the third week of the disease.

In addition to the above symptoms, there are also skin rashes like urticaria. In the case of severe illness, complications usually occur in the 3rd and 4th week such as: muscle inflammation, pneumonia, encephalitis that can cause death. Depending on the degree of infection, the mortality rate ranges from 6-30%.

Treatment and prevention?

Diagnosis of helminths based on specific clinical symptoms and fluid nature. To confirm the diagnosis, it is necessary to rely more on the test results. Blood tests show that eosinophilia, in the early stages of the disease, can find adult helminths in the feces, in the global stage, helminth larvae can be found in biopsy specimens. Immune reactions such as complementation, agglutination, immunofluorescence, and ELISA may also be used.

Differential diagnosis of helminths with serum diseases, dermatitis, myositis, allergic bronchitis, pneumonia, influenza .

Depending on the severity, depending on the state of the disease, paraziquantel, mintezol, albendazole can be used as directed by the doctor.

Helminths have natural diseases and diseases near humans, so it is very difficult to prevent this disease. In European and American countries, regular quarantine quarantine and detection of nematode infection in pork from 0.4-2.5%, sometimes up to 10%. Therefore, the best preventive measure is quarantine to detect infected worms and absolutely do not eat undercooked meats.