Planting and intensive onion export

Onions are high quality vegetables used to eat fresh, processed and are now grown in a number of localities for export to bring very high economic efficiency.

Crop season : The main crop is sown 9-10 months, harvested in January, February; The left sowing last March, early April, August and September harvest, this crop sold at high prices.

Same : Use of US and Japanese F1 hybrids (new Grano, Granex, Red, Crown) currently available at plant breeding companies, dealers, vegetable seed shops nationwide to grow.

Seedling nursery : Choose loose soil, sandy soil, light meat, high places to sow seedlings. Small soil, up to 90-100cm beds. The surface of the bed must be flat and the soil is small and smooth. Using decomposed animal manure, kitchen ash, mixed phosphate fertilizer evenly spread on the bed surface, about 5-7cm thick. Seeds should be soaked in warm water and incubated for cracking and mixed with powdered soil at a rate of 1/200 to be uniformly sown.

The amount of seeds to be sown is about 1.5-2 grams / m ² . After sowing, cover the seed with a fine layer of fine soil and then apply a thin layer of straw to keep the bed surface moist and limit the bucket from rain or watering. In the first 3 days, water 2-3 times a day, then water 1-2 times a day until it is planted. After sowing for 5-6 days, remove straw and rice husk and use rice husk mixed with powdered soil to cover seedlings and continue to take care of sturdy seedlings. After sowing for 30-35 days, seedlings have 2-3 true leaves, hard, thin, dark green and can be extracted.

(Photo: Peoriagardens.com)

Planting and caring : For onions to meet export standards (requires big, firm, beautiful, long-term preservation), it is necessary to plant seedlings at the right age. When the tree reaches 50-60 days old, there are 5-6 true leaves, newly planted. If grown early, the tree is quickly rooted, early for harvesting but the roots are watery, the water content is over 90%, the roots are easy to rot, difficult to preserve, poor quality, not exported. Up 120cm wide bed, 30cm wide. On each bed, 4 horizontal rows 20cm apart, 15cm away from trees, reasonable planting density is about 150-170 thousand plants / ha.

The amount of fertilizer for onion is calculated for 1 Northern pole (360 m2) of 900-1,000 kg of manure, item + 15-20 kg of urea + 30-35 kg of phosphate + 5-7 kg of potassium. In addition, it is possible to apply other fertilizers such as soaked soybean meal, kitchen ash depending on the ability of each family to intensify.

Based on each ground, season to increase or decrease the amount of fertilizer accordingly. Applying 300-350 kg of manure + 20-25 kg of phosphate to mix with topsoil when raised or slotted and then apply fertilizer and fill in closed soil. Lightly cut off the stem, the rice straw has been cut short about 7-10cm and immediately irrigated with clean water. The first few days should be irrigated 2-3 times / day, the following days can be irrigated once a day. If the sun is big, shading in the first 3-4 days.

With onions limited to sprinkler irrigation, just enough water to irrigate, excess water will die, the best soil moisture is about 70-80% is moderate. Apply 1 time after 7-10 days after planting by diluting 2kg of urea protein to irrigate. Second time after 10-15 times for 1 day by diluting 3 kg of urea nitrogen for irrigation. 3 times in the trench between 2 onions with 7-10kg of urea + 700 kg of manure + 3-4 kg of potash and the rest of the remaining. Continue to apply 4 times, 5 times each time, 10-12 days apart by diluting 1-2 kg of urea + 1-2kg of potassium to irrigate. Before harvesting about 2-3 weeks stop watering to reduce the amount of water in the tubers.

Pest and disease control : It is necessary to pay attention to two main types of diseases (downy mildew and tuber rot) which often appear and cause harm to productivity and quality of onions. Downy mildew caused by Peronospora sp is caused by high air and soil moisture (above 90%), low temperature (below 20 degrees C). Spray room with 1% of Bood solution periodically every week. Root rot caused by bacteria Ervinia sp or Botrytis fungus starts from root to firm until harvest and during storage. The main reason is due to the too wet weather and too much nitrogen fertilizer, unbalanced fertilizer. Effective preventive measures are seed treatment with granosan (3g / kg seed), or Benomyl (2g / kg seed). Spray with Zineb or Benomyl (0.2- 0.3%).

Harvesting : When the onion leaves turn yellow, 70-80% of the plants fall on their own. Spit the whole tree, clean sandy soil, sun exposure 1-2 hours and then tie the hook on the rope in a cool warehouse. When you see the outer skin of the bulb is dry, thin, turning light yellow-brown, cut off the leaf stalks, just leave the stem section about 3-4cm long. Preserving in store with cool and airy frames. Regularly check to remove tubers with rotten symptoms to avoid infection.