Technical planting and care of Thai porcelain

Thai porcelain has the scientific name Adenium obesum of the Apocyanaceae family, belongs to the group of succulent plants, and is dubbed the " desert rose ", grown and developed in many places in our country. With a large trunk shape with beautiful roots, the porcelain is a bonsai that many people love and care for.

1. Introduction

Porcelain plants grown with seeds can flower after 8 months to 1 year. Porcelain flowers usually have a small funnel-shaped shape, with 5 large wings like an outside horn. However, when mutations can bloom up to 6-7 wings are very strange, beautiful . Beams of 3-10 flowers, usually concentrated at the top. In a bunch of flowers, big flowers bloom in front of small flowers that bloom afterwards, each flower blooms about 8-10 days before it dies, so it will take a long time to bloom the flowers. Porcelain plants have many branches, many flowers should bloom almost all year round. A tree can be grafted onto many varieties of different flower colors.

Porcelain plants are easy to grow, the ability to multiply quickly, beautiful flowers, and on a tree can transplant many varieties of porcelain with different colors. In addition to the beauty of porcelain plants, it can be used to create ornamental plants and plants thanks to the beautiful root system. Therefore, porcelain plants are preferred by many people, planting porcelain will bring high economic efficiency.

2. Planting substances and irrigation water

About the substance grown for porcelain plants: Must ensure the most important requirement is fast drainage. The mixture includes: large-grain rice husk ash (40%), coconut meal (20% - 30%), puree of cow's droppings (10%), peanut shells (10%), fresh rice husks (10%). Incubation for 15 days, adding 2 months of Dynamic Lifter on the pelvic surface, alternating with oil cake.

Dynamic Lifter.

About irrigation water: If you use well water, make sure the water is not saline or alum, the new porcelain plants grow well. If using tap water, add a water storage tank to allow the chlorine in the water to evaporate before watering the plants. Some families use sprayers to irrigate plants, water only covers the surface of the soil, not enough for trees so the tree will fall and yellow leaves. Therefore, when irrigating, water directly to the root with sufficient water.

3. How to grow

There are 2 ways to grow porcelain: sow seeds and cuttings . But now most porcelain players use cuttings method. Porcelain in pots is quite popular because it is both beautiful and easy to take care of, so few people plant straight to garden soil.

Porcelain pots need to punch holes in the bottom to drain water, can pad a little stone, small bricks in the bottom of the pot, avoid making soil cover holes, or porcelain roots stick out the drainage hole, grow up to make them all the time draining hole. Using Compomix flower growing land to fill Buffalo to about 2/3 pots then put the porcelain in, fix in the middle of the pot, the roots become balanced. Continue adding soil so that the soil only partially submerges roots and nearly equal to the pot's mouth. The set of big roots, if any, must lie on the pot's mouth, the soil must be lower than the pot's mouth, so that when watering does not spill out.

Porcelain plants are grown for a long time, the roots are enlarged, must be transferred to new larger pots, while raising the root system to rise from the pot's mouth, new beautiful shape.

In the new pots, the plants must be placed neatly, lifting the roots and bending the plants according to the wishes of the porcelain players, leaving the soil at the level equal to the pot's mouth, watering enough moisture.

4. How to fix roots and shaping

Step 1: Spit porcelain from the pot, remove the soil around the tuber with bamboo sticks, avoid scratching and breaking, rooting. Use a spray hose (to clean soil from roots).

Step 2: Use a sharp knife or razor to cut the porcelain branch to make it as big as you want and at the same time trim out the small roots around the bulb, the part that we will grow later.

• Cut off the small bran roots around the root beams below, to help us avoid the phenomenon of rotten bran roots when replanting the pots, due to being pressed.
• All traces of branch and root roots are disposed of fungicides (Vicarben, Aliette .) or lime, paint, to dry the cut, avoid infection of sheaths after replanting.

Step 3: Hang the porcelain plant, dry in a shady place for 5-10 days, to make the cuts dry and healthy. Note hanging in a cool dry place, but not hanging in the place where direct sunlight is shining, will make the porcelain plant burn and damaged by these burns.

Fix the roots and shape the porcelain tree.

Step 4: Bring the porcelain into a predetermined pot, depending on the material you have chosen to be watered and wet before planting, and after planting bring porcelain pots to sunny place 50% (morning sun on the porch), during the period of 15-20 days until we see the porcelain plates begin to appear at the cut. During the early period - from planting to sprouting - we only water light mist on the surface soil if it is dry, to keep it moist, not watering because it is easy to make porcelain because at this time, the porcelain tree has no leaves, the poor water absorption, if hydrated porcelain plants are susceptible to rot.

Step 5: When the porcelain pot has started sprouting, it is time to leave the porcelain plant in a sunny place of 80-100%: This stage can be watered normally. When the soil is just dry, the surface layer is dry Note that at this time, porcelain plants are easy to get deep because of many young shoots. The best way is to collect eggs and catch larvae that have just appeared, rather than using drugs, because it is easy to make the young leaves burn.

• At this time, we use NPK 20-20-20 fertilizer to be reasonable until the leaf buds are fully developed. Approximately 10 cm, then we pass the NPK mode of 15-30-15 or 20-30-20 to porcelain plants. Bloom.
• Only apply organic fertilizer when porcelain plants have sprouted, have complete leaves. Because if applied early, the roots of young plants are prone to burnt roots, affecting the development of plants.

Step 6: After cutting, in the process of making the shoot, the flower begins to flow, the care of daily watering, periodically fertilizing, can last more than 6 months. At any time, when the wares begin to lose shape, the branches are long and they fall, we will treat them like the original or just cut them up but not repot, new soil.

5. Fertilizing

Organic fertilizers are suitable for porcelain such as buffaloes, cows, hogs, oil cakes, used for fertilizing at planting or when repotting and fixing roots. Inorganic fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, NPK, foliar fertilizer for top dressing periodically. Depending on the age of the tree, it is possible to fertilize porcelain according to the type of fertilizer and the following dosage:

• Porcelain plants after the throne (newly planted from cuttings) - under 6 months of age: Dilute 10-15gr of NPK fertilizer 20-20-15 + TE or NPK 16-12-8 + TE in 10-15 liters of enough water moist, separated every 15-20 days. Combined with foliar fertilizer, Buffalo 005 sprayed every 7-10 days to stimulate buds, leaves and roots.
• Porcelain plants from 6 months to 1 year: Periodically apply 20-30 gr NPK 20-20-15 + TE or NPK 16-12-8 + TE / pots, every 20-30 days. Combined with foliar fertilizer, Buffalo 005 sprayed every 7-10 days, stimulating shoots, leaves and roots. You can use the 007 Buffalo to spray the porcelain when you want to flower.
• Porcelain over a year old, with stable flowers: Periodically apply 20-30 gr NPK 20-20-15 + TE or NPK 16-12-8 + TE / pots, every 20-30 days. Combined with the use of foliar fertilizer Buffalo Head 005, periodically spraying 7-10 days, stimulating shoots, leaves and roots. Buffalo Head 007 stimulates flowering and Buffalo Head 009 works for long-term maintenance.

Porcelain is a sun-resistant plant, this is very suitable for the Southern weather, but it is also very afraid of waterlogged, so only when the sun is dry, the soil can be irrigated. Porcelain plants have just been planted, new to pots or cut branches to cuttings should not water much water. Watering porcelain must use a fine nozzle, sprayer or spray pump system.

7. Control flowering

Control porcelain to flower as you like.

Wanting porcelain plants with many flowers, the porcelain branches should not be too long. Branches must be cut after each flowering, cutting many times, each time only cutting high for a short period, many short sections will add more branches and more branches. many flowers.

Want porcelain to bloom on the occasion of Tet holiday: If the rainfall is evenly in a year, the temperate climate will cut porcelain branches on the full moon of the seventh lunar month. If in a sunny year, little rain, prolonged drought, then cut later porcelain branches in early August. Periodic spraying of foliar fertilizers with high levels of phosphorus and potassium such as Buffalo Head 007, Buffalo Head 009 , Buffalo Head 701, Buffalo Head 901. When the porcelain leaves turn from green to yellow and fall, at the ends of the leaves stop developing young leaves with speckled spots is the time the tree is forming buds.

8. Pest and disease prevention

Good green porcelain plants often have many major pests such as:

Green worm: If you see on the leaf with dark spots, it is caused by the biting of the worm, which causes the young leaf to form. Especially green worms, when young white, grow up green, this worm eats very quickly, 2-3 days out of the whole leaf, can eat off the tops of trees. Use one of the drugs Trebon, Mipcin, Vibasu, Bassa.

The green worm bites and breaks down the young leaves that form.

Aphids and porcelain bugs: Small flat hoppers, with many feathers all around, porcelain bugs are more than twice the size of aphids, oval bodies, also carry a lot of fluff and long tail hairs, often biting plastic on leaves and secrete a sweet plastic for ants to eat, and also dropped a lot of white chalk on the tops of trees; long time spoiled the porcelain crown.

The type of hoppers and bugs that cause harm on the top of the tree damage the top of the tree, on the left, it causes the fruits and fruits to fall, the big fruit is bent and the seedling is sown, then the seedlings will not grow. When you see the spraying, do not lay eggs. If a small psyllid is detected, brush off both hoppers and white chalk.

Use Vicidi-M 50 ND, Visher 25 ND, Vidithoate 40 ND .

Aphids and red spiders: Red spiders have a red body, there are also many feathers, eyes are often difficult to see, sucking young leaf plastic, making young leaves become reddish brown, then falling and shedding bare trees. Every month should be sprayed once to prevent. Pesticides can be: Trebon, Bi 58, Kelthane, Viphensa 50ND, DC Ttron Plus .

Rotten disease: The rotten disease is the most common in Thai porcelain, very difficult to treat. At first it may be a black dot and then spread very quickly, if not detected, the tree will rot softly. Especially during the rainy season, it can kill the whole tree after only a few days.

Cause: It may be caused by bacteria, when the humidity is too high or due to wounds from pests.

Preventing and treating: Cut out all areas that are rotten, go to the spot with the black spots, otherwise it will continue to spread the whole tree, apply lime to the cut to disinfect. Using Batocide 12WP, Viben-C, Newkasuran 16.6 BTN .

Yellow spot disease on leaves: Porcelain leaves after rain or high winds often produce many small spots on yellow or brown leaves such as burns, then spread quickly to the leaves, later dry or fall. Sometimes, when eaten, the tree makes a soft rotten tree from the branches down through the body, when it spreads to the root, the tree dies. It can be caused by fungi and spread quickly to the whole tree.

Preventing and treating: The disease usually develops in the rainy season so when the leaf has just got yellow spots, it must be removed immediately and sprayed fungicides such as Topsin, Appenearb, Dithane, zineb, copper oxyclorua . The porcelain plant is very difficult to treat so it must be normal Follow-up to prevent timely.