Techniques for growing cabbage

Planting cabbages is very simple with easy-to-follow cultivation techniques. Cabbage belongs to a group of vegetables of temperate origin, spring temperature (temperature needed to differentiate flower sprouts) is 1-10 degrees C in about 15-30 days depending on the growth time of the seed. Therefore, in the process of growth, when this condition is met, the plant will flower, resulting in the first year.

Cabbage is a staple vegetable in the Cross family, grown in the winter-spring season in the northern, central and highland provinces. It is a two-year tree: the first year grows leaf stems, the following year through the spring period, then flowers and results.

Cabbage belongs to a group of vegetables of temperate origin, spring temperature (temperature needed to differentiate flower sprouts) is 1-10 degrees C in about 15-30 days depending on the growth time of the seed. Therefore, in the process of growth, when this condition is met, the plant will flower, resulting in the first year.

Cabbage plants have a high leaf area index, a very large coefficient of water use but with a developed root beam set that is drought tolerant and more water-resistant than kohlrabi and cauliflower.

Especially in cabbage, the ability to recover leaves is quite high. Experiments show that, when cutting 25% of the leaf surface area in the pre-rolling stage, productivity still reaches 97-98% compared with no cutting. This confirms that the chemical chemical spraying of the first generation of moths is not necessary in many cases.

Cabbage seeds germinate best at temperatures 18-20 degrees Celsius. Plants grow most favorably at 15-18 degrees C.

Derived from the Mediterranean region, cabbage belongs to a group of plants that prefer day-light, but their intensity is weak. Therefore, in the condition of winter-spring crop in our country, cabbage plants often shorten the growth time compared to the original areas.

Appropriate humidity is from 75-85%, air humidity is about 80-90%. The soil is too moist (over 90%) lasting 3-5 days will cause plant roots to be poisoned because of working in anaerobic conditions.

Cabbage prefers light meat, sandy soil, preferably alluvial soil, with pH = 5.6-6.0. Due to the high biomass, cabbage requires high nutrition. Experts have calculated, to yield 80 tons / ha, cabbage has taken away from 214 kg of nitrogen, 79 kg of phosphate, 200 kg of potassium, ie equivalent to 610 kg of urea nitrogen, 400kg super phosphate, 500kg Potassium chloride. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the amount of fertilizer so that the plant has good condition, pest and disease resistance and high yield. These requirements are expressed through the following technical measures:

Techniques for growing cabbage

1. Crop season

In the northern provinces there are three major cabbage crops:

- Early crop: sown at the end of July and early August, planted at the end of August and September to harvest in November and December.
- Main crop: sowing 9-10 months, planting between October to the end of November to harvest in the next 1-2 years.
- Late crop: sown in November, planted in mid-December to harvest in February 2-3 years later.

In the Central Highlands, 9-10 and November crops can be sown

It depends on the planting season to calculate the age of seedlings, but when the tree has 4-6 real leaves, it is the best time to plant (age of trees in about 20-30 days).

2. Soil preparation, fertilizer application

Cabbage beds are 1-1.2 m wide, 15-20cm high, 20-25cm beds. Early crop up high turtle bed to prevent rain. The main crop and the late season make flat beds.

- Each hectare of cabbage is fertilized with 20-25 tons of decomposed animal manure (incubation time before fertilization is at least 3 months. Each ton of fresh manure when incubating 20kg lime and 25kg super phosphate). If micro-organism is available, 250-300kg / ha should be applied. With this amount, the amount of manure can be reduced to 15-20 tons / ha.

- To achieve high productivity and keep nitrate content below 500mg / kg, it is necessary to apply every hectare of 120-150kgN in the early season (260-325kg urea), 150-180kgN in the main season and the late season (260-390kg urea).

- If using microorganism organic phosphate, need to add 60kg P ₂ O ₅ (300kg super phosphate), on the contrary, apply 90kg P ₂ O ₅ (or 180kg super phosphate).

- The amount of potassium needed per hectare is 120kg K ₂ O. It is best to use sulfate.

Apply the entire manure + micro organic phosphate +1/2 potassium +1/4 protein. There are 2 forms of basal fertilizing: spread evenly on the field before going to bed or applying to the hole after going to bed. If applied in the second way, mix, stir and fill before planting.

Apply for 3 periods:

- Green anise period: apply the remaining amount of potassium to +1/3 of the remaining nitrogen. How to apply: apply the stump to combine with cultivating.

The remaining protein divided in two, mixed with the original irrigation water in two periods:

- Eagle leaf spread period: 30-35 days after planting
- Cornering period: 45-50 days after planting.

3. Planting and caring

Choose trees that are strong, sturdy, evenly to spawn in the afternoon (if it's sunny). Before planting dip the roots into Sherpa 0.1-0.15% solution. If using a grounding polietylene, after applying the lining, cover the bed surface, apply the soil well and cut the hole.

Plant two rows of fangs on the bed. Depending on the volume of corn and season, grow according to the following size:

- Early and late crop: 50 x40cm
- Main crop: 50 x 50cm

After planting, water soaked, then irrigate daily until greening. After cultivating and applying the first stage, it is possible to irrigate the plant. Note, so that 2/3 waterbeds must remove all water. Before and after rain should not irrigate the trench. Irrigation water must be clean without contamination. Especially, do not water fresh manure.

In the first time, when cabbages are small, lettuce, broccoli and trees with a growth period of less than 30 days can be intercropped. In the main season, it is possible to combine tomatoes with the ratio: every 2 rows of cabbage beds grow a tomato bed. This form significantly reduced litter density 3.

4. Plant protection

- Strict application of integrated pest management procedures for Cross-crops: cleaning the fields, plowing and turning the soil early to destroy larvae, larvae of cavities, deep gray, deep green, . • Rotation with wet rice in the area of ​​2 rice + 1 vegetable, with onion, garlic, soybean in the area specializing in vegetables. Regularly observing the field, discovering, catching and killing the first gray worm, cutting the eggs and the young worm 1-2 years old of the worm cavity, promptly removing the wilted and emptied tree.

When planting in the field, you can apply 50G Oncol seeds to the root to destroy the root. From 15-20 days after planting, if there are 1-2 years old silkworm on each tea, 1-2 times of BT medicine is needed. Pegasus 250EC or Sherpa 25EC can be used in case of deep outbreaks. Finish spraying the drugs on 10 days before harvest.

If a white moth or aphid moth is present in the field, it should be combined unless the pest is protected.

If you have a disease, you should spray one of the following medicines: Ridomil MZ 72WP, Kumulus 80 DP or Score 250 ND.

Use of the drug must be in the correct dosage, spray thoroughly, evenly wet the two sides of the leaf.

5. Harvest cabbage

When cabbage is firm, the growth age is harvested. High tight, close to corn stems to easily collect and process stumps in the field. Remove outer leaves, green leaves on the corn, wash thoroughly with clean water, drain, for packaging to consume.