Things to know about sterilization in men and women

Sterilization is a method of contraception that provides a sure, lasting effect and is used by many countries around the world. In Vietnam, because of many misconceptions, people still have reservations about this method. The following article will provide basic information about sterilization methods in men and women.

1. What is sterilization?

Sterilization is a safe method of contraception that provides a permanent effect and a relatively simple technique.The method of sterilization in women is tubal ligation and in men is vasectomy . Both methods do not affect the health, sexual and psychological issues of both men and women.

2. Sterilization in women - Tubal ligation

2.1. What is tubal ligation?

Tie the fallopian tube so that the egg cannot move into the uterus.

Tubal ligation is a method of permanent contraception in women, usually done in women over 30 years of age, with 2 children or more and do not expect to have more children. Basically, tubal ligation is a blockage of the fallopian tubes so that they cannot move into the uterus and thus prevent egg contact with sperm. There are many procedures for tubal ligation such as tying, cutting, clamping, knotting, etc.

Tubal ligation is a safe, effective, but not absolute, method of contraception. The pregnancy rate for less than 1 in 100 women after the procedure is 1 year. After 10 years, the pregnancy rate ranges from less than 1 to less than 4 in every 100 women, depending on the type of method used. Fallopian tubes will not protect you against sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea, syphilis, genital warts, HIV, etc. Therefore, condoms should still be used when having sex. prevent the spread of the aforementioned diseases.

2.2. Does a fallopian tube affect health?

Tubal ligation is an effective, safe method of contraception. The method only affects the oviduct, does not affect the ovaries. The new ovary releases hormones and regulates the menstrual cycle. Therefore, tubal ligation does not affect hormonal, menstrual periods and sexual activity.

After the fallopian tubes, women may experience abdominal pain, nausea, dizziness, irregular menstrual periods and heavy menstrual bleeding, etc.In particular, there is a possible risk. What happens after this procedure is that the fallopian tubes together and lead to an ectopic pregnancy. However, this rate is quite low, only about 0.01% - 1%.

3. Male sterilization - Vasectomy

3.1. What is vasectomy?

A vasectomy helps prevent sperm from ejecting.

A vasectomy is a procedure for male sterilization, which is done by cutting or tying the vas to prevent sperm from being released. It takes about 2-4 months for semen to be completely sperm free. Use another method of birth control or avoid having sex until your sperm is confirmed to be sperm free.

The vasectomy is performed as follows: create one or two small holes in the scrotum skin, the vasectomy is pulled through the opening, followed by a small section of the vasectomy and then sealed by the laser or burning electricity. This method is contraindicated in subjects with coagulation problems, abnormalities in the scrotum such as inguinal hernia, varicose veins and sequelae in spermatic cord.

3.2. Does vasectomy affect anything?

Vasectomy is generally considered safer than female sterilization and requires only local anesthetic. Risks of vasectomy may include bleeding or infection. Like vasectomy in women, vasectomy cannot prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.

Vasectomy is simple, does not cause too much pain for the patient, does not affect the sexual activity of the patient. In order to reduce the pressure on the fertility issues for women, husbands should consider implementing a permanent sterilization measure.

Patients can have sex again after a week of vasectomy.

3.3. Who should have a vasectomy

Subjects should consider using this method:

1. When the couple has enough children and does not intend to have children.
2. When a husband or wife has an inherited illness, they can produce unhealthy children.

Some contraindications for vasectomy:

1. Coagulation disorders
2. Sexual dysfunction
3. Abnormalities in the scrotum include inguinal hernia, varicose veins, hydroceles of testicle membranes, chronic inflammation and vestibular vestiges.