What happens when the plane makes an emergency landing?

What happens when the plane makes an emergency landing? At this time, the plane may tilt, or drop suddenly, some passengers can smell smoke, the captain announces via the broadcast system that the plane is making an emergency landing. In case hey, what is the probability of death of the passengers and crew?

What will happen next? What options do pilots have and what operating procedures must they follow during an emergency landing? What conditions prompted the pilot to make the call and make an emergency landing? Jack Netskar, president and captain of the International Association of Airline Pilots, said there are many situations in which an aircraft may have to make an emergency landing.

He pointed out that these serious problems include: loss of control of the aircraft, lack of fuel, failure to land successfully at the intended destination, technical failure or injury to a crew member critical analysis. Although there is no strict definition for an emergency landing, they are divided into three different categories.

An emergency landing is a forced landing by an aircraft due to a malfunction related to the aircraft operation or an emergency requiring a stop in the shortest possible time.

The first type is forced landing - landing inside or outside the airport due to the inability to continue the flight, a typical example is an aircraft forced to land due to engine failure;

The second is a precautionary landing, a planned landing. It is possible to fly further in and out of the airport, but this maneuver is not recommended. The conditions of a precautionary landing include: bad weather, loss of fuel, lack of fuel, hidden engine failure, involvement in terrorism, crime, etc.;

The third is the least common type of emergency landing. This is usually a "forced or precautionary landing on the water".

Compared to an emergency landing on the ground, landing on water eliminates the possibility of large friction causing parts to explode. On the contrary, the real danger lies in the handling after landing because a plane on the water will almost sooner or later sink.

One of the most famous examples of a third type of emergency landing was the forced landing on the Hudson River in New York, USA in 2009. When US Airways Flight 1549 collided with a flock of flying geese. and was forced to land on the surface of the Hudson River. Of the 155 passengers on board, 100 were injured, 5 were in critical condition but no one was killed, thanks in large part to the quick thinking of Captain Sully Sullenberger and his crew. The event was turned into the 2016 film Captain Sully, starring famous actor Tom Hanks as the captain of the same name.

According to the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA), the mortality rates for these three types of emergency landings vary widely, around 10% and 20% respectively.

In order to prepare and ultimately perform an emergency landing, the pilot must go through a series of steps, including: preparing the cabin for the landing, requesting emergency services, reviewing all possible hazards, Netescal said. evacuation procedures and action plan development.

For example, the pilot may choose to dump some fuel on board, thereby reducing the weight of the aircraft.

Relevant data shows that an average Boeing 747 needs to consume about 4 liters of fuel per second and about 150,000 liters of fuel for a flight lasting 10 hours. According to aviation expert Mark Goertzen, 150,000 liters of fuel is a weight of nearly 108,800 kg, when heavy aircraft take off, most of which have a high failure rate to land safely, so in case of an emergency landing supply, sometimes pilots have to drain some of the fuel.

For example, one of the reasons American Airlines Flight 1549 was able to successfully float in the Hudson River was because the plane's fuel tanks weren't full, giving the plane a lot of buoyancy force.

In fact, emergency situations unfold very differently, thereby forming many different methods of emergency landing. One of the most common cases is belly-landing, which occurs when the landing gear fails. However, belly landing causes the most damage to the aircraft because when using this method, the aircraft is prone to flipping over and over, catching fire due to friction leading to fire and explosion after landing.

Of course, the crew also has a big role to play in the emergency landing process. According to Airbus' safety guidelines, the main responsibility of the cabin crew is to clearly communicate the situation to passengers and ultimately get everyone off the plane safely, including: landing the passenger plane, they should and how and where to get off the plane, how passengers and children should prepare, and what first aid supplies they should bring.

In some cases, the crew may just deploy slides to ensure passengers don't return to the plane to retrieve their luggage and run into danger. During an emergency landing in 2008, a passenger climbed back onto the emergency slide to retrieve some of his personal items, according to Airbus.

It is worth emphasizing that the cost of emergency landing is very high. According to Emirates, the cost of a "flight diversion" is between $50,000 and over $600,000. The actual cost of an emergency landing depends on the core reason and the location of the aircraft. And several factors, such as: the cost of landing and ground handling, the cost of air navigation, the cost of rebooking passengers, and the cost of taking care of the crew and passengers.