10 typical scientific and health events in 2005

The year 2005 is about to close, leaving behind many outstanding scientific events at home and abroad, such as Vietnam mastering the most advanced microscope technology, making efforts to manufacture avian influenza vaccines, so The world deciphered the rice genome, bombarded comets .

1. Scanning microscope

An employee of the Laboratory of Applied Physics Institute and scientific equipment is giving samples to the probe scanning microscope

After two years of research, scientists from the Institute of Applied Physics and Scientific Equipment (Vietnam Institute of Science and Technology) have successfully fabricated probe scanning microscope (SPM). This is the most advanced experimental device in the world, first built in Vietnam, with a cost of only a small part of imported equipment of the same type. Glass has many applications, especially in nanotechnology and molecular biology.

Due to mastering the secret of manufacturing SPM, the Institute has been able to manufacture both types of cheap probe scanning microscopes for many subjects, including students. Prof. Dr. Vu Dinh Cu, Chairman of the State Acceptance Council, commented: "If the experts only like to have a lot of money, they will not elaborate on such sophisticated machines. This is a device of the 21st century and a remarkable success in Vietnam's science and technology ''.

2. Carbon composite, bone replacement material

The skull bone fragment by carbon combination is the result after nearly 10 years of research by experts from the Institute of Technology Application (Ministry of Science and Technology). Thanks to this piece, the doctor can cover the cranial bone defect without surgery to remove the bone itself, relieve the patient's pain.

The material is a biocompatible graft with the human body, meaning that it has the strength, porosity, thermal conductivity and thickness similar to the skull. The advantage of carbon composite puzzle pieces compared to other materials is low cost, 40 times cheaper than titanium flat patch imported from the US and Germany, helping poor patients with low-cost healing opportunities.

Scientists are injecting H5N1 vaccine into monkeys at Ruy island, Quang Ninh

3. Prepare H5N1 vaccine

In the face of the threat of a bird flu outbreak, the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE) has begun to study the production of H5N1 vaccine by cell culture. This vaccine has been tested on animals, and is being licensed for human testing. So far, Vietnam has successfully produced 6 series of H5N1 vaccines for humans. The vaccine sample of 6 trial production series has been thoroughly tested according to the minimum requirements of the World Health Organization (WHO), sent to WHO laboratories for evaluation.

4. Genetic technology application to return names to martyrs

From 2003 until now, the Institute of Biotechnology (Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology) has assessed 60 cases, including 36 martyrs. Up to now, the entire technique of determining martyrs' genes has been completed by the Institute of Biotechnology. The Institute is transferring technology and training for officers of the Military Forensic Institute so that they can self-assess. This success opened up the prospect of identifying the identities of about 300,000 martyrs whose graves still carry the word "unknown unknown martyr", located in nearly 3,000 cemeteries in Vietnam.

5. Prime Minister meets scientists

More than 400 scientists and scientific representatives in the country, frankly presented urgent issues in scientific and technological activities (Science and Technology) with Prime Minister Phan Van Khai on September 24.

In addition to the professional and spiritual level of the community, the cause of the current situation of science and technology in Vietnam is deprived of agricultural seed in part because of the inadequate policy of science and technology management in Vietnam. That income is not guaranteed, hard to work; Investment and use are wasteful, no compensation, appreciation .

To solve this problem, scientists, managers and petitioners of the system of scientific and technological organizations of Vietnam need to focus on finance and decentralization of administrative power. The state needs and should only care primarily for the type of forced development, setting requirements for the application of very specific science and technology, making keys and ships to change the state of the country's technology. Other application issues, needed to regulate the market and the State only supports part of the budget.

6.2005 - Year of Physics, Five Einstein

On the 100th anniversary of Einstein's relative birth, the UN chose 2005 as the International Year of Physics. The aim is to propagate about the physics industry, attract and appeal to young people and the public to the physics. In 2005, the year of Physics, the year of Einstein was closed. A series of articles, thousands of cultural activities in the year honoring a genius around the world, are going through. But the glory of the transcendent thoughts remains forever. And the name of the man who gave birth to it, the greatest scientist of the 20th century, Anbe Einstein (Alber Einstein, 1879-1955) is still shining with human history.

7. Nobel Prize in Medicine, Physics and Chemistry

The Nobel Prizes in these three areas were announced at the beginning of October 2005 and the awards ceremony was held solemnly in Sweden. The 2005 Nobel Prize in Medicine honors two Australian scientists who discovered Helicobacter pylori and their role in gastrointestinal ulcers.

The Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to two US citizens - Roy Glauber and John Hall - and Theodor Haensch of Germany. These three scientists made a major contribution to promoting the application of modern quantum physics to the study of optics and light.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry honors Yves Chauvin (France), Robert Grubbs and Richard Schrock (USA), scientists who have succeeded in developing a method of permutation in organic synthesis. This method opens new ways to make smarter drugs and more environmentally friendly plastics.

8. Decode the gene

2005 was a great year for gene decoding. After 7 years, the International Rice Genetic Decoding Project has completed decoding the rice genome - a cultivar that nourishes more than 50% of the world's population. It is estimated that rice contains 37,544 genes per 12 chromosomes compared to 20,000-25,000 genes of humans. Decoding the rice genome is important because it will help people produce high-yielding rice varieties, more nutritious, better pest resistant and withstand harsh weather.

Not only that, scientists have deciphered the chimpanzee's DNA, the closest relative of humans.

9. Shoot comet Tempel 1

NASA control room with large screens showing the collision

One day humans will have to deal with an asteroid or comet on their way to Earth. In the worst case scenario, they will destroy civilization or at least destroy a certain city. Big collisions have happened before and there will be many more. However, people do not know much about asteroids as well as their structure to plan deflection or destruction.

A major turning point occurred when NASA's Deep Impact spacecraft launched a copper bullet into Comet Tempel 1 on July 4. With the information gathered, the scientific community will know more about the nature and structure of comets as well as the formation of the solar system. In addition, knowing the structure of comets will help people deflect their future. Another benefit is that by understanding the components of comets, people can use them in the future as wells or refueling stations for space exploration missions.

10. Shenzhou reporter China 6

On the morning of October 12, the Shenzhou 6 ship brought two Chinese astronauts into Earth's orbit. This is the second time the country has launched a manned spacecraft and is the third country after Russia and the United States to achieve this feat. Vuong Dung Tri, the architect of China's Manned Spaceship Program, commented: '' Manned space flights represent the economic power and scientific research of a nation. This is a great means to expand people's living space, exploit and use space resources. "