10 most outstanding scientific events in 2016

2016 marked many brilliant achievements in the fields of archeology, physics, astronomy and medicine, creating memorable scientific milestones.

Detecting gravitational waves

Gravitational waves result from two supermassive black holes colliding.(Photo: NASA).

The discovery of gravitational waves by scientists can be considered historical events in the field of physics in 2016. Gravitational waves, ripples rolling between space - time created by wax entry of two black holes recorded by LIGO Interfering Laser Wave Observatory in February.

The gravitational wave is a consequence of the collision between two black holes. Scientists at LIGO estimated that 1.3 billion years ago, two black holes collided at half the speed of light. Gravitational waves penetrate every object and cross the universe before reaching Earth.

The machine defends inside the pyramid

The protective machine faltered those who wanted to invade the Egyptian pyramid.(Photo: Science Channel).

Mark Lenher, an Egyptian learner, uses digital technology to recreate the defense system inside the Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt. This model appeared in the Unearthed Excavation series on the US Science Channel in 2016.

According to the research results, the king's room around the pyramid is surrounded by blocks of stone about 80 meters thick. Realizing that the passage was not protected safely, the builder carved the grooves just outside the entrance to the room, hidden beneath the pyramid wall. Then, they put huge granite slabs into the trenches, which will stop anyone's path to go deep into the pyramid.

Three granite blocks fall down a path to block the way into the king's room inside the pyramid.

Detecting Earth's "copy"

The planet Proxima b has many characteristics similar to Earth.(Photo: ESO).

In September 2016, the European Space Agency (ESA) announced the discovery of Proxima b and identified it as the first planetary alien that humans could send exploration robots to in the future. The planet orbits its parent star Proxima Centauri 4 light years from the solar system.

Proxima b is 5% closer to its star than Earth and only takes 11.2 days to complete an orbit. The planet is in an area that allows liquid water to exist on the surface and thus has suitable conditions to support the development of life.

2016 may be the hottest year in history

2016 has a record high temperature.(Photo: Wordpress).

According to the report released on November 14 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the global average temperature in the first 9 months of 2016 increased to 1.2 ° C compared to the pre-industrial period, higher than 0 , 11 ° C above the temperature record set last year and 0.88 ° C higher than the average temperature of 14 ° C between 1961-1990.

Scientists estimate the likelihood that 2016 will become the hottest year in history by 90%. The cause may be due to the impact of El Nino phenomenon, but the most important factor that promotes constant temperature increase is CO2 emissions.

The world's largest solar power plant

The world's largest solar power plant in India.(Photo: Aljazeera).

At the end of November, India published a picture of the Kamuthi Solar Power Project, allowing people to see the world's largest solar power plant in Kamuthi, Tamil Nadu state, India.

The above solar power plant was built in just 8 months with a total cost of US $ 679 million. The plant consists of 2.5 million solar panels, covering an area of ​​more than 10.36 km2. Its operating capacity is up to 648 MW, capable of supplying electricity to 150,000 households. This is a big step forward for India to bring solar energy to reach more people.

Ancient city in Angkor Wat, Cambodia

Archaeologists discover the ruins of an ancient city surrounding the complex of temples of Angkor Wat in Cambodia.(Photo: Tan Chhin Sothy).

Complex of the temple of Angkor Wat, Cambodia built from 1113 to 1150 is one of the largest religious monuments in the world. In June 2016, scientists discovered a network of ancient cities around the ruins of the complex. Researchers use lasers to explore from above and find many 12th-century city landscapes beneath the rainforest.

"3 parents" fertilization technology

The first baby in the world was born from a mother and father.(Photo: New Scientist).

In April 2016, the first child born with this controversial technology marked an important step in the current technology of artificial insemination.

This technology was developed based on in vitro fertilization technology, combining parents' DNA with the healthy body of a donor woman, giving birth to a fetus from the chromosomes of two women and a man, to minimize genetic diseases for children. Scientists believe that this breakthrough technology will bring hope to have a healthy baby for millions of parents carrying inherited incurable diseases.

Artificial intelligence wins people

Google's Alpha Go smart computer wins over the reigning world champion.(Photo: Huffington Post).

Google's AlphaGo smart computer won the reigning world champion Lee Se-dol with a 4: 1 overwhelming ratio in March this year. AlphaGo's victory marks the first time an artificial intelligence program beat a world-class professional Go player. AlphaGo's design simulates the activity of the human brain when solving puzzles, allowing it to self-learn and become smarter after each experience.

Experts have predicted that AlphaGo will take years to win Lee Se-dol. Google said it will apply a deep neural network and computer-based teaching techniques that AlphaGo uses to master the Go flag for more critical areas, such as health and robots.

Discover and fight Zika

Zika virus is the culprit causing minor head defects for many children.(Photo: Kateryna Kon / Science Photo Library).

Scientists and infectious experts are facing a big battle when Zika virus is detected as the culprit causing the small head disease spread in Brazil since the beginning of 2015. Zika virus quickly spread out. countries around the world and threaten the health of many people.

The disease is very dangerous for pregnant women when the virus attacks the fetal brain tissue. This is the cause of microcephaly, in which the baby's head is abnormally small because the skull collapses around the atrophic brain area. Babies who are fortunate to not suffer from deformities are also affected by their visual and hearing abilities. Zika virus also causes neurological effects in adults.

The largest prime number is found

The largest prime number consists of 24 million digits.(Photo: Wbur).

The largest prime number was found in 2016 in the search for Mersenne primes through the Internet. The Mersenne number is written in the form 2n-1 where the Mersenne number itself must be a prime number but at the same time n must be a prime number. Modern cryptography requires the use of Mersenne primes and other complex numbers for data encryption.

The new prime number found holds the record for the largest prime number with a total of about 24 million digits. The only representation of this number in Mersenne numeric form is 274.207.281 - 1.