Increase productivity of green vegetables and clean with insects

Useful insects have been used in the production of green, clean and safe vegetables.

Use beneficial insects to increase productivity of safe vegetables

Currently, many types of green vegetables sold on the market still have residues of pesticides , which greatly affects consumers' health.

The production of clean vegetables and safe vegetables in urban agriculture has become an urgent need of the society in the process of urbanization, in addition to the health protection factor for the community, it has great economic significance. and science for a sustainable agriculture. Research on exploitation of natural enemies to effectively control pests is an important direction in developing biological measures. This is also a key measure of integrated pest control system and an important task in sustainable agricultural development.

Safe vegetable production

In Hanoi area, including Ha Tay province, Me Linh district, Vinh Phuc and 4 communes of Luong Son and Hoa Binh districts, there are many areas focusing on safe vegetable production, in which vegetable production areas Net houses are being expanded and developed, significantly as a model of safe vegetables grown in net houses in Dong Anh, Gia Lam and Hoang Mai, vegetable growing areas in Kim An and Linh Nam. However, in the cultivation of safe vegetables in the pest prevention and control house, measures such as out-of-field with abuse are used, increasing the use of drugs, chemical fertilizers and growth stimulants.

Types of beneficial insects

According to the Plant Protection Department in 2010, 28.3% of vegetable samples had residues of pesticides exceeding the maximum permitted level, 78.75% of vegetable samples had higher lead levels than allowed, 50.02 % of vegetable samples had higher levels of Nitrogen than prescribed levels, 67.85% of samples contained Elizabeth and 96.42% of samples contained Coca-Cola. Over the years, the research and use of economically valuable insects on vegetables has been carried out and achieved many results, however, the results of this study are only carried out on vegetables grown outside. copper that has not been carried out in the focus area of ​​safe vegetable production in the greenhouse, especially the research on pests, natural enemies, the development and measures of insect pests in the greenhouse to serve Good Agricultural Practices - GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) replaces the use of field farming methods.

Contribute to the production of safe vegetables in the direction of GAP, providing safe vegetable products to Hanoi Capital and surrounding cities, the topic ' Research on species composition, development of insect pests, their natural enemies and a number of insecticides for vegetables and vegetables for safe vegetable production in a net house at some points in Hanoi ' by Assoc. Truong Xuan Lam, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, VAST has been implemented and obtained positive results. The thesis focuses on analyzing and determining the composition of harmful insects and their natural enemies on self-grown Hoa Thap vegetables in net houses as well as the development and development of some common species. Since then, we have carried out farming and experimenting to release some prey and parasitic species to prevent cross-bred pests in the greenhouse.

On vegetables The crucifix family in Hanoi, recorded 28 pest species belonging to 16 families, 7 orders and 41 species of parasitic insects, prey of pests belonging to 18 families, 6 orders. Of the 28 pests, 5 are common and harmful species including Spodoptera litura, White butterfly caterpillar Pieris rapae, Plutella xylostella silkworm, Brevicoryne brassicae, Beetle jumping Phyllostreta striolata. Of the 41 species of parasitic insects, feeding of insects with 8 common species and present in both inside and outside the net are red ladybugMicraspis discolor, 6-stripe ladybug Menochilus sexmaculatus, ladybug 2 red Lemnia biplagiata, ladybug Japan Propylea japonica, 3-chambered beetle Paederus fuscipes, yellow-brown aphid flies Episyrphus balteatus, white-spotted parasitic bee Apanteles sp., bee parasitic Diaeretiella rapae.

Research on the development of some common species on vegetables in net houses

In the two years of investigation (2011 - 2012) on cabbage and kohlrabi vegetables, the density of 5 pests reached 2 peaks in the grid environment including: peak cavity in May and November, white butterfly green worm peaking in February and May, the caterpillar peaks in January and May, the streaking bug peaks in May and December and the gray aphid peaks in January and May. The density of captured species Very low primers in net houses, in which the group of prey-caught ladybirds reached 2 peaks in May and December, the remaining groups reached 1 peak including the prey species that reached the peak in June, the group of tailed beetles peaked. In October, the beetle group caught prey peaks in February and the 3-cavity wing group peaked in April. Bed bug parasites also had little role in controlling aphid density with k the highest birth rate in February.

On the vegetables grown in netting, the relationship between the prey species, the tail-plucking bug, the three-cavalry beetle, the run-off beetle and the ladybug that catches prey is the main pests (cavity, green worm). White, caterpillar, and mealybugs are low and have little role in inhibiting the number of pests mentioned above. Farming season, fertilizer regime, techniques of taking care of different vegetables in the greenhouse compared to the net house have affected the average density of cavities, white butterfly caterpillars, peanut curved jumpers. , prey-caught ladybirds, prey-caught stink bugs, 3-winged beetles and hard-winged bugs catch prey on cabbage and kohlrabi. In the greenhouse, the density of species belonging to the group of stink bugs catching prey, foot-catching bugs, 3-chambered beetles and ladybirds catching prey in the spraying fields are very low, in the spraying formulas from 4 times / more or less cases do not see prey species. In the net house, spraying twice a season also affects prey species similar to spraying 3 times / crop outside the net house.

As a result, red-eyed beekeepers and some insects catch predators mainly in the laboratory

The team conducted the research and stored, cultured and preserved more than 300 generations of red-eyed bees parasitic on rice eggs at the Department of Experimental Insects, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources with breeding process. Can produce enough to meet the number of bees released to the field to kill pests of vegetables.

In laboratory conditions, breeding six-striped ladybugs and human -type ladybirds with food is a black bean aphid (black aphids that are cultivated with inexpensive substrates) for high egg production in generations 1 and 2 ( 55,77-79,53,96 fruits / female) with high hatching rate (71.45-87.88%). The personnel of plucking tail bugs E. annulipes with bran feed in plastic containers for multiplication coefficient is 5.6-8.1 times with the average of 121.5-194.9 children from 15-35 breeding pairs. First, with plastic pots for multiplication coefficient is 7.8-9.3 times with an average of 241.2-465.7 children from 30-50 initial breeding pairs. Breeding 3 species of red goose necks, S. falleni, black goose neck bugs, S.croceovittatus and C. fuscipennis stink bug with food of S. litura and C. cephalonica rice larvae for multiplication rate raise 17-19 individuals with an original male pair.

On vegetable plants in net houses, OMD is released (red-eyed bees) with a density of 740,000 individuals / ha on vegetables, showing that the rate of silkworm eggs parasited by OMD is quite high (73.43 - 83.33%). ) and silkworm density is lower than the control without dropping OMD. Releasing the poached ladybug with a density of 1 individual / 1m2 (stocking 2000 larvae and 6000 adults / 8000m2) has reduced the density of aphids in vegetable damage after 6 days of drop compared to the control without dropping. Dropping pliers to catch prey on cabbage in a closed net with a stocking density of 1 animal / m2 can control the density of gray aphids and moths. Lack of larvae and maturation of brown stink bugs catching prey and 2 species of goose-stink bugs catching prey with stocking density of 0.2-0.5 individuals / m2 has significantly reduced the density of pests in the soaring wing with control not released.

In order to achieve the optimal effect from the insect pest control model (without using pesticides) in the production of safe vegetables in the direction of GAP in the greenhouse, it is necessary to release a batch of CC (Beetle beetles) and BXBM (bugs catch prey) in February, release OMD (red eyed bees), CP and BXBM in May and release 2 BRBMs in December.

From these studies, it is shown that the development of pests of natural enemies of pests brings many benefits to the farming industry. In the future, this is one of the effective measures to help lower production costs in line with the financial capacity of farmers and lower than the cost of buying pesticides, solving the pressure of drug pollution. Plant protection due to increasing use of pesticides and safety for consumers.