Life can form around cold black holes

The planet around a black hole can also sustain life, thanks to the principle of thermodynamic reversal similar to the Sun and Earth.

New Scientist reported on January 18, Tomas Opatrny, an expert at Palacky University, Czech Republic, published the results of a study of a planetary case around a black hole . According to the study, the rotation of a black hole can help the planet get enough energy to form and sustain life.

According to the second law of thermodynamics, the difference in temperature creates the energy needed for life formation and maintenance. For Earth, the difference is that the heat radiates from the Sun and low temperatures in the space around the planet. The opposite happens to a planet that revolves around a black hole in space with high temperatures while a black hole is very cold.

Black holes can facilitate the development of life on the planet orbiting it.(Photo: Wordpress).

Opatrny concludes that an ideal black hole to become "cold sun" must be a temperature of 0 K (absolute zero, equivalent to -273 degrees Celsius) and does not emit Hawking radiation (characteristic radiation type). of black holes). This black hole needs a completely empty space and no longer draws material into it.

At this time, compared to the black hole, the cosmic background temperature will be higher, at about 2.7 K (equivalent to -270 degrees C) due to the existence of electromagnetic waves from the cosmic background. According to Opatrny and his colleagues, a planet the size of the Earth when rotating around a black hole will receive about 900 W of energy, enough for life to appear but difficult to maintain.

To complement the research, Opatrny's team used Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. According to this theory, the gravitational field of the black hole causes the time on its orbiting planet to slow down with a 1: 60,000 expansion rate, which is 1 hour on the planet equivalent to 7 normal years.

On the other hand, the energy of light is directly proportional to its frequency. With the expansion rate as above, the increased frequency will increase the light energy by 60,000 times. At this time, the planet's temperature will be around 900 degrees Celsius, too high for life to exist.

Opatrny said that, at a distance just enough to reduce the effect of time dilation, the planet will gather conditions for development . However, this is almost impossible to come true. "Black holes always suck material into it," said Avi Loeb, an expert at Harvard University, USA. According to him, the ideal black hole for objects to rotate around is unlikely to exist.

In the future 100,000 billion years, when stars die, black holes will become the ultimate energy source of the universe. However, at that time, people could still rely on energy from material deposition."In fact, there are many ways to continue to sustain life," said Lawrence Krauss, a scientist at the University of Arizona, USA.