Techniques for planting off-season grafted tomatoes in the Red River Delta

Grafting technology on eggplant root EG203 and off-season grafting tomato techniques of the Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute have been successfully applied to production in the Red River Delta provinces. Below, we briefly introduce the results of this study for reference and application.

>>> Successful transplant of off-season tomatoes for high efficiency

1. Breed

- Using tomato varieties resistant to viral diseases, able to produce good fruit and flowers in high temperature conditions such as VL 3500, VL 642, Savior, DV 2926, Diamond, Farm 05 page . to make ligaments.

- Rootstock is eggplant variety EG 203.

2. Crop season

From May 15 to September 15, focusing mainly on July - August.

3. Land preparation

Plowing or hoeing, drying the land for at least 1 week. Make the soil loose and up the bed; bed surface 90 - 100 cm wide; grooves 35 - 40 cm wide, 30 - 35 cm deep. Before planting, cover the bed with a black soil covered with plastic with silver light; If covered with straw, cover it after planting to increase humidity, reduce weeds .

4. Fertilizing

- Fertilizers for tomatoes should use NPK mixed fertilizers. In the first stage, the plant grows slowly, with small amounts of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. It is possible to combine high and medium quality foliar fertilizer or amino acids such as Agrodream, WEHG .

- The amount of fertilizer for 1 sao (360 m ² ) is as follows:

+ Basal fertilizing: before planting 3 - 7 days, spread the fertilizer on the ground before going to beds 300 kg of manure manure + 15 kg of Lam Thao phosphate + 2 kg of mixed potassium or 150 kg of organic microorganism to apply to the cavity .

+ First-time application: 3 days after planting, apply 30-40 kg of Biogro micro-organic fertilizer or irrigate stimulating preparations to root around the root.

+ 2nd application: after 15 days of growing, use 1 kg of urea + 2 kg of NPK in the buffalo head to water the surrounding water.

+ The 3rd time top dressing after 35 days of planting; 4th time after planting 60 days; The fifth time after planting is 70-80 days for indefinitely growing trees. Amount of fertilizer per time: 1 kg of urea + 1 kg of potassium +2 kg of NPK of buffalo head with water to irrigate the root.

+ Top dressing with high-quality leaf fertilizer such as Botrac, HK . after 5, 20, 35, 50 days.

5. Planting techniques

- Distance: every row is 65 - 70 cm, the plant is 45 - 50 cm from the tree; density 900 - 1,000 trees / 360 m ² .

- Planting trees in the cool afternoon, when planting and the process of taking care of the soil is not too high.

- After planting, use a bamboo stick to tie the tree with a soft wire to keep the tree from getting grafted.

- Plug the rig right after planting (for plastic covering soil) or plug when the plant is 50-60 cm high (for soil covered with straw).

6. Care

a. Sprinklers

- After planting, water immediately, use 7 - 10 cm from the recess until the plant is completely green.

- When plants begin to grow strongly, irrigate from 7 - 10 days / time.

b. Pruning buds

- Pruning all branch buds on the main stem, keeping only the branch buds growing under the armpit leaves appear the first bunch of flowers.

- When the tree reaches the required number of inflorescences, it is necessary to press the tops and unnecessary axillary buds.

7. Using fructification

In the condition of growing off-season tomatoes, using fructification medicines such as CPA, GA3 at a concentration of 10-15 ppm for spraying or dipping on inflorescences. During the spraying process, be careful not to let the medicine shoot on the growth tops of the plants.

8. Prevention of major pests and diseases

a. For disease

- Rotation of other crops.

- Clean weeds, remove old leaves for ventilation to limit the shelter of adult insects. Remove diseased plants to limit disease.

- Fertilizing balanced between NPK multivalued elements, not applying too much nitrogen.

- Viral disease: Using yellow sticky traps, spraying SK, Selecron mineral oil, Actra to kill chalk to limit the spread of the virus. When detecting virus-infected plants, it is necessary to immediately remove and disinfect the soil with powdered lime or Basudin.

- Leaf blight: When new diseases appear, spray Rhidomin, Score, Daconil, Kocide, Champion, Zineb, Benlate . combined to remove diseased leaves, water enough moisture, lime.

- Anthracnose and gray mold: When the plant is small to 50 days old, using Score medicine, TriB1 spray on the root, spraying 1 time every 20 days.

b. For worms

- Amulet: Spray Polytrin, Ofunack when new worms appear. Dispose of severely damaged leaves focused on burial to minimize harmful sources.

- Fruit borer: Can spray one of the following drugs: Sherpa, Sumialpha, Cidi, Sumicidin . should alternately change the medicine so that the worm does not know the medicine, stop spraying when preparing to collect the fruit. Should use bio-pesticides BT, Centary, Depel, growth regulators such as Atabron, Nomolt, Mymi . spraying when the age is small. Combine deep capture, remove the egg drive, pick the fruit to bury or compost. In the field, there are both pests and diseases, can be combined with spraying pesticides and medicines, do not mix copper-based drugs such as Kocide, Champion.

Note: Concentration, dosage, duration and spraying must be in accordance with the instructions indicated on the package.

9. Harvesting

- Harvesting at the right time when the tomatoes turn pink or red, do not let the fruit crush and kill. Use clean plastic buckets to collect fruits, sort fruits; Then place the fruit in small wooden crates, store in a cool place.

- If the weather is too hot or raining, collect fruits at the old green stage or start to ripen to avoid heavy rains that crack the fruits or the sun. After harvest, bring the fruit to a cool place, use ethrel to ripen the fruit.