The second human genome

Do you know that humans have two genomes? In fact, in addition to the genome from many parents, it is thought that the assembly of genetic information encodes all living microorganisms in our bodies, collectively called microbiomes, forming a genome second human.

The results are published in the journal Science by Nelson and colleagues at the International Human Microbiome Consortium, which provides information on the genome sequence of 178 species of bacteria in humans. The sequencing of the genomes of all microorganisms residing in human microbiome is currently being carried out with the aim of increasing understanding of human health and disease.

Many people disagree with the argument that a second human genome is microorganisms, but their contribution to the human body is truly impressive.

In fact, human cells make up only 10% of the total number of cells in the body, the rest comes from symbiotic bacteria. It is also estimated that human intestines contain about 1,000 species of bacteria. In terms of volume, about 1.5 kg of bacteria invade the human intestines with other bacteria that live on the outer and inner surfaces of the body. In terms of health, molecules produced by beneficial intestinal bacteria form compounds that have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant and vitamin effects to protect and nourish the body. In contrast, harmful bacteria can disrupt intermediate genes in energy metabolism and produce DNA mutants, affecting the nervous and immune systems. The result of this process creates chronic diseases like diabetes, obesity and even cancer. This suggests that symbiotic bacteria are closely and specifically linked to human cells in nutrient and waste exchange, forming a basic part and their synthetic genome forming the the second human gene .

If more and more strains of intestinal bacteria are sequenced, researchers can more accurately determine the effect of different factors on the composition of the intestinal bacteria collection in particular and on health. like illness in general. Specifically, it is clear that diet is the main factor behind the rise of disorders such as diabetes, obesity and colon cancer. Indeed, after the human body has digested and absorbed food, drugs, intestinal bacteria use any remaining material to maintain their individual numbers. Declaring, " Your friend is what you eat " may be true because what humans eat can identify bacteria and the bacteria that thrive in their gut . This will affect the composition of the second genome and human health. Therefore, although solving the human microorganism sequencing is extremely complex but extremely important for understanding how nutrition can lead to chronic diseases. This also highlights the necessary interference between microbiology and human genetics. Thus, interactive decoding between two human genomes can provide new insight for the development of more anti-disease drugs.