11 reasons why men are shorter than women

The average life expectancy of women is 5 to 10 years higher than that of men. From before being born to the critical stages of life, men are more likely to die than women.

The article by health experts on MSN analyzed how cultural, genetic, and professional factors impacted life expectancy, and also suggested how you can do this to change this. .

1. Crime activities

Men who break the law can increase the risk of death from fighting, murder or illegal risks. According to the US Department of Justice Statistics, in history and in all social cultures, men are more involved in almost all types of crime."It is hard to know why, although it may be due to heredity and cultural and social expectations of gender roles , " said Dr. Donald W. Black, professor of psychiatry at Iowa Carver University. . Correct observations worldwide. Men are also more likely to die from suicide, accidents and murder. Living by the law can help you live longer.

2. Larger body size

Larger bodies are not always good because they are associated with longevity."On average, people taller than 1.8 meters do not live as long as people less than 1.8 meters , " said Dr. Vincent Giampapa (Cell Health Institute, New Jersey). According to a study published in the 2004 Journal of Medical Hypothesis, individuals with larger bodies in a species tend to be more short-lived. This is true not only for humans but also for most animals, including fish, insects, primates and dogs .

3. More sensitive to disease

Even before birth, the male fetus had more difficulties than the female fetus.'Even in the first year of life, boys have a higher risk of death than girls, and this still exists throughout life ,' said Sean Hagberg, scientific director of the Center for Neuroscience. Rio Grande, from the University of New Mexico, said that men are not as fast-growing as women, which is related to intelligence as well as comprehensive development, and men are more likely to die. more due to trauma, suicide, respiratory cancer, chronic liver disease and coronary heart disease. 'In all cultures, women are more likely than men, this may be due to fertility factors. learn, ' Hagberg said.

4. Cardiovascular disease

According to Dr. Larry Santora of St. Mary's Health Care System. Joseph in Orange, California, estrogen levels are higher than in women, protecting them from heart disease by 10 to 15 years more than men. Estrogen raises good cholesterol and lowers bad cholesterol. Estrogen makes the inner lining of the coronary arteries more flexible, thus less susceptible to injury or inflammation and atherosclerosis. Men need to practice more to reduce their risks. Start checking your blood pressure and cholesterol as soon as you are in your 20s and see your doctor right away if anything goes wrong. Eat well, exercise, don't smoke.

5. Chromosome

Men have a pair of XY chromosomes, while women have a pair of XX. According to Dr. Santora, if the defect shows up on an X chromosome, the woman still has an X chromosome, which allows good genes to show superiority. Many X chromosomal disorders include spinal muscular atrophy, hemophilia, and neurological disorders (also known as Partington syndrome).

Hagberg said that when talking about genes, two X chromosomes are always better than one pair of XY. A boy born with problems on the X chromosome is often difficult to survive. Alport syndrome is associated with X chromosomes, which are most benign in women, but can cause kidney failure in men.

6. A risky lifestyle

Smoking, overeating, stress and leading to high blood pressure and risk of heart disease are also the reasons men die earlier. Leslie Martin, professor of public health at Loma Linda University in California, co-author of "The Longevity Project" (2011), said that men and women are more masculine (prefer activities, tools). work and games that are masculine) often have shorter lives. Men who are more feminine and more masculine women have nearly the same life expectancy. Martin believes that part of the reason may be high testosterone levels and preferences for risky behaviors.

7. Challenges for larger immune systems

According to Dr. Giampapa, one reason men do not live as long as women are directly related to the immune system. In general, women live longer than men because they are born with a longer telomeres. Telomeres are short pieces of specialized DNA at the end of chromosomes and tell the cell what to do. The cells keep dividing continuously over time to maintain the body's life. Each time the cell divides, the telemore is shortened. When the telomeres become too short, the cell stops dividing and falls into the aging state of the cell. The tissues needed for life will no longer be produced and the parts of the body will begin to weaken.

People with long telomeres often live longer, and the cells produce a longer, healthier immune system."Your immune function may be healthy or decline depending on how often you have to be exposed to things that challenge it ," Giampapa said. In general, men are often exposed to immune challenges, injuries, stress and undergoing surgery that will reduce the immune system. Reduce stress through activities like meditation, apply a diet with low blood sugar and maintain a good personal relationship.

8. Men do not take care of the family

The participation of men in child care and housework has increased significantly over the past three decades, but women with traditional roles as family caregivers help them to have a longer life span throughout the process. chemical. Hagberg said: "Women have genes that allow them to mature in many ways. The development in women is higher in men than can be derived from a selected perspective."

9. Higher metabolic rate

Men have greater muscle mass, they have to lose more calories to maintain muscle. While this allows men to lose weight more easily, higher calorie burning rates mean that their stem cells change faster."Just like a gas tank, if you go 90km / h compared to 40km / h, you will reach your destination faster and burn more fuel at the same time. Men burn their stem cell reserves faster. However, men can still extend their lifespan by practicing a healthy lifestyle including diet and exercise , " Giampapa said.

10. High-risk work

Occupation also reduces the lifespan of men. According to the report of the US Bureau of Labor Statistics in 2012, the three most dangerous industries are aircraft pilots, fishermen and forest operators. All three mainly use male labor. For every 100,000 full-time employees working in the fishing industry, 200 die from workplace injuries, 60 times higher than the average US labor force death rate.

For the logging sector, the death rate is over 62 / 100,000 and this rate for aircraft pilots is over 57 / 100,000. Farmers, roofers, construction workers and garbage recycling collectors are next on the list. The safest occupations include education (0.3 deaths per 100,000), training, business and financial activities (0.4 people die over 100,000).

11. Weak social connection

Women interact with people more than men. The formation of social connections makes women live longer, Professor Martin said. Women also tend to talk more with friends. This helps them solve problems and strengthen relationships. Men often have trouble sharing things while women do this quite easily. Men often try to keep their emotions and this contributes to create more stress for them.