Mesa Verde National Park - United States of America

Unesco's Scientific, Educational and Cultural Organization has recognized the United States' Mesa Verde National Park as a World Cultural Heritage in 1978.

Mesa Verde National Park - World Cultural Heritage in America

Mesa Verde National Park is a national park located in southwestern Colorado. The garden is located at an altitude of 2,600 meters above sea level. The garden was signed by the President of the United States - Theodore Roosevelt decided to establish in 1906. Mesa Verde Garden is protected in high cliffs so it has the best preserved environment in the world.

In the park there is a mysterious relic on the cliffs that captures the special world attention of archaeologists right after being discovered. In fact, Mesa Verde was discovered on a cold winter day in 1073 by two cattle herding. During the process of finding lost cow herds, the two children were lost to this area and what they saw made them extremely surprised. On the steep cliff wall is a collapsed city which stands out as a majestic palace building. This strange palace on the cliff has raised a question about a river mystic people in the cliff-covered villages.

After many surveys and studies, archaeologists realized that this was the work of the Indiana Pueblo ancestors (also known as the Anasazi people) in the southern United States. They did not leave any notes or texts in words, leaving only the work that stood on the cliff for posterity. Historically, in the 12th century, the Anasazi people began building uninhabited residential quarters in caves and underneath rock ledges along the canyon walls. Some large houses were gathered from many small houses, so it was so large that there were a total of 150 rooms. The most famous of them are the buildings called Cliff Palace and Spruce Tree House .

It is known that this site spreads over an area of ​​210.7km2. There are more than 600 houses on the cliffs created by ancestors of Pueblo people. These houses are scattered throughout Mesa Verde National Park. There are houses even built into many floors and with balconies.

The document states that: Anasazi people came to this area in early 550 AD, built houses and cultivated in the mountains. Around 1150, they began moving their homes into the canyons. Most houses built on alleys are small, but some of them have large areas and can accommodate 250 people (about 150 rooms).

Indiana Pueblo people live in matriarchy : women hold the priesthood and own family; men take care of farm work. During excavation and research, archaeologists found inside the home objects such as baskets, porcelain, seeds and ancient tribal people 's agricultural tools.

The climate in this area is semi-arid. The ancestral Pueblo's ancestral water for living and agriculture is provided by the summer rains, winter with snow and seeping into the springs near the villages of Mesa Verde. In areas with a height of about 2,100 m, the climate is cooler, ideal for agriculture, but low temperatures also reduce the amount of water needed for agriculture. The houses in the cliff are calculated to be built to take advantage of solar energy. The angle of the little sun shining in the winter shines on cliff houses, warm wind blowing from the valley with an air temperature of 10-20 degrees Celsius, so in the canyon cavity, warmer outside. In the summer, these cliff houses also help people avoid direct sunlight.

In 1300, the prolonged drought caused the collapse of Pueblo civilization and the abandoned Mesa Verde area. However, the fact that the area has been inhabited for a long time has not been inhabited. A small number of Pueblo people left after the 10th century all retreated into the deep forest to hide and leave the Mesa Verde area in ruins.

In the national park, archaeologists found up to 4,400 archaeological sites, including houses, villages and cliffs. Especially Palece cliff is said to be the largest cliff of North America. Mesa Verde National Park is accredited by Unesco (iii): Archaeological sites as well as the landscape of Mesa Verde National Park are testimonies of the development of a culture, and it is also contains the cultural and historical traditions of the ancient Pueblo people.